Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical kuyindlela yokucwaninga yezokwelapha ekuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo sempilo sesiguli ngokubakhona kanye nokuqoqeka kwezinto ezithile ku-plasma kanye namaseli egazi.
Ukunikela ngegazi kudinga ukulungiselela okuthile nokugcinwa kwemithetho elula.
Yini ingxenye yokuhlolwa kwegazi elinamakhemikhali?
Uchwepheshe angabeka i-biochemistry yegazi zombili ngenhloso yokuthola ukutholwa kokugcina, futhi ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ukuthola isimo sokusebenza kwezitho nezinhlelo zomzimba womuntu.
Ngempela, ngosizo lolu cwaningo, izinkomba ezingaphezu kwama-200 (ama-analytes) zinganqunywa ezizosiza udokotela ukuthola umbono ophelele womsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi zesiguli, izinqubo ze-metabolic, kanye nokwanela kokuhlinzeka ngamavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements.
Ngokuya kokutholwa kokuqala, kungenzeka ukuthi unikeze ukuhlaziya kokuhlaziywa okuyinhloko, noma ucwaningo olunemininingwane ye-biochemical.
Izinkomba ezibalulekile zifaka:
- inani lamaprotheni;
- i-bilirubin (okujwayelekile, okungaqondile);
- i-cholesterol ephelele;
- ushukela wegazi;
- ama-electrolyte egazi (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium);
- ama-enzymes enziwe esibindini (i-AlAT, AsAT);
- urea
- i-creatinine.
Ngabe kuhlaziywa kunikezwa kanjani?
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemistry, kuthathwa impahla evela emthanjeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngemuva kokuqinisa ingalo endaweni yesandla ngethambo lokuvakasha, i-vein (imvamisa kakhulu i-ulnar) iyahlatshwa, bese i-biomaterial ingena kwisirinji, bese ifakwa kwishubhu yokuhlola.
Ngemuva kwalokho amashubhu athunyelwa kwelebhu, lapho kwenziwa khona ucwaningo ngemishini ekhethekile ephezulu ngokunemba. Futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa usungavele uthole umphumela osuqediwe. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into elula kakhulu.
Ubukhulu bezinkomba ze-biochemistry yegazi kuthonywa yizici eziningi zesimo sangaphakathi nangaphandle, ngakho-ke, ukuthola umphumela wangempela, ukulungiselela ngokucophelela ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka.
Iyini i-algorithm yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-biochemical? Cabanga ngamaphuzu amakhulu.
Esiswini esingenalutho noma cha?
Isampula yegazi lokuhlaziywa yenziwa ngokuqinile esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlangana kwe-plasma kwamakhompiyutha athile (ushukela, i-bilirubin, i-creatinine, i-cholesterol) kungahluka kakhulu ngemuva kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokudla ukudla, izakhamzimba ezisesimweni sama-chylomicrons zidonswa egazini, ezenza kube namafu futhi kungalulungele ucwaningo.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi udinga ukulamba ngaphambi kokufaka amasampula egazi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24, ngaphandle kwalokho imiphumela nayo ingaba ngamanga. Kumuntu olambele amahora angaphezu kwama-48, amazinga e-plasma bilirubin agxuma kakhulu. Futhi ngemuva kwamahora angama-72 kukhona ukwehla okunamandla kwe-glucose kanye nokwanda ngasikhathi sinye kwesilinganiso sama-uric namafutha acid.
Yini ongayikukhipha ekudleni ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwakheka kokudla okuthathiwe kungaba nomthelela oqondile ekuthembekeni kwamagugu we-biochemistry yegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola imiphumela engenaphutha, imithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kungafakwa amanoni, amafutha okuthosiwe, ukudla okunezipayisi, ukudla okusheshayo, iziphuzo ezidliwayo. Lapho uhlaziya okuqukethwe i-uric acid, kudingeka futhi ususe inyama, inhlanzi, i-offal, ikhofi, itiye emenyu. Lapho unquma izinga le-bilirubin - ascorbic acid, amawolintshi, izaqathi.
Kunconywa isidlo sakusihlwa esilinganiselwe ubusuku obandulele. Ekuseni kosuku lokuhlaziywa, ungaphuza kuphela amanzi anga-khabhoni. Futhi lapho ubheka amazinga kashukela egazi ekuseni, kungcono ukwenqaba ukuxubha amazinyo akho, kanye nokusebenzisa izihlanza zomlomo, ngoba kungahle kube noswidi.
Yisiphi isikhathi sosuku engidinga ukuhlolwa ngalo?
Ukuhlolwa kwesampula kokuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa ekuseni, esikhathini sokuphumula kusuka emahoreni ayi-7 kuye kwayi-10.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye ze-biomaterial zingashintsha ngaphansi kwethonya lemigqi yemihla ngemihla yemvelo yomzimba womuntu. Futhi amanani ajwayelekile kuzo zonke izinkomba zezokwelapha akhonjiswa ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi sosuku lwasekuseni.
Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, igazi lithathwa liyohlaziywa kungakhathalekile isikhathi sosuku noma sobusuku. Kodwa-ke, ukulawula izinkomba ku-Dynamics, kuyathandeka ukuthi uphinde ufundisise esikhathini esifanayo.
Umphumela wezidakamizwa
Ukuphuza umuthi kungathinta kakhulu okuqukethwe kwenani emzimbeni wezinkomba eziningi ezifundwayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yomphumela wezidakamizwa ezinqubweni zomzimba noma ze-pathophysiological emzimbeni womuntu (umphumela wangempela wokwelapha noma ukusabela okuphambene), noma umthelela wesidakamizwa ekuhambeni kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali owenziwe ukumisa inani lomhlaziyi (ukuphazamisa into). Isibonelo, ama-diuretics kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo zingakwazi ukukhulisa amazinga we-calcium ngokweqile, futhi i-ascorbic acid neparacetamol kungakhuphula amazinga eglucose we-plasma.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ulungiselela umuntu omdala noma ingane isifundo se-biochemical, kuyadingeka ukukhipha ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (uma zinganikezwa izidingo ezibalulekile) ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwezinto zegazi. Ngokuphathwa okuhleliwe kwamalungiselelo abalulekile, kuyadingeka ukwazisa udokotela ngalokhu futhi ulandele izincomo zakhe zokulungiselela ukuhlaziya.
Izinto zevidiyo ezimayelana nocwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nencazelo yalo:
Izimbangela Zokuhlanekezela
Amaqembu amabili wezinto athonya umehluko emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwelebhu:
- Elebhu nokuhlaziya.
- Okuphilayo
Izici zelebhu-analytical ziqhamuka lapho i-algorithm yokwenza ucwaningo kwelabhorethri iphulwa. Isiguli asikwazi ukuthonya ukuvela nokuqedwa kwazo.
Izici zokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo zifaka:
- ezomzimba (umsebenzi womzimba, umsoco);
- izici zemvelo (isimo sezulu, ukwakheka kwamanzi nenhlabathi endaweni yokuhlala isikhathi sonyaka nosuku);
- ukuhambisana ne-algorithm yokulungiselela amasampula (ukudla, utshwala, izidakamizwa, ukubhema, ukucindezela);
- inqubo ye-sampling yegazi (inqubo yokukhohlisa, isikhathi sosuku);
- imibandela kanye nesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo biatabase.
Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kwemiphumela kuncike kakhulu ekulungiseleleni kwesiguli ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical, okuyisihluthulelo sokuxilongwa okutholwe kahle, ukwelashwa okulungile kanye nomphumela omuhle wesifo.
