Uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin) yisifo se-endocrine esibonakala ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin ye-hormone ngamangqamuzana pancreas. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-glucose egazini ikhuphuka, i-hyperglycemia ephikelelayo yenzeka. Thayipha abantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40) abangavamile ukugula. Namuhla, kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi uhlobo 1 yisifo sikashukela sabancane. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi kungani sinoshukela.
Izimbangela kanye pathogenesis
Enye yezimbangela zesifo sikashukela ukubonwa kusengaphambili kwefa. Amathuba okuqala kwalesi sifo mancane, kepha noma kunjalo akhona. Imbangela ngqo ayikaziwa, kunezici ezibangela ukuqashelwa (izifo ezidlulisiwe ze-autoimmune nezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukwephulwa kokungaziphathi kahle kwe-cellular).
Isifo sikashukela sikhula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaseli we-beta wamanyikwe. Lawa maseli abhekene nokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-insulin. Umsebenzi oyinhloko waleli hormone ukuqinisekisa ukungena kwe-glucose kumaseli. Uma i-insulin incishisiwe, lonke ushukela luyakha egazini futhi amangqamuzana aqala ukubulawa yindlala. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, izinqolobane ezinamafutha ziyahlukana, ngenxa yalokho umuntu alahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha. Onke ama-molecule eglucose adonsela amanzi kuwo. Ngokugcwala ushukela egazini, uketshezi kanye noshukela kukhishwa umchamo. Ngakho-ke, ukomisa kuqala esigulini futhi kubuye kube nomuzwa ongapheli wokoma.
Ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamafutha emzimbeni, ukuqongelela kwamafutha acid (FA) kwenzeka. Isibindi asikwazi "ukuvuselela" wonke ama-FAs, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo yokubola - imizimba ye-ketone - iqongelela egazini. Uma kungalashwa, ukukhohlisa nokufa kungenzeka ngalesi sikhathi.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela soHlelo 1
Izimpawu zanda ngokushesha: ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma emavikini ambalwa, kuvela i-hyperglycemia ephikelelayo. Isikhombisi esiyisisekelo sokuxilonga isifo sikashukela yilesi:
- ukomela okukhulu (isiguli siphuza amanzi amaningi);
- ukuchama njalo
- ukulamba nokulunywa isikhumba;
- ukwehla okunamandla kwesisindo.
Esikhathini sikashukela, umuntu angalahlekelwa yi-10-15 kg ngenyanga eyodwa, kuyilapho kunokubuthakathaka, ukozela, ukukhathala, ukusebenza okunciphile. Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo sivame ukuba nesifiso esandayo sokudla, kodwa njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, isiguli senqaba ukudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokudakwa komzimba (ketoacidosis). Kukhona isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, iphunga elithile elivela emlonyeni.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa Uhlobo 1 sikashukela, udinga ukwenza ucwaningo olulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela (esiswini esingenalutho) - okuqukethwe kweglucose egazini le-capillary kunqunywa.
- I-Glycosylated hemoglobin - ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile izinyanga ezintathu.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-c peptide noma i-proinsulin.
Kulesi sifo, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko futhi okuyinhloko ukwelashwa okubuyiselwayo (umjovo we-insulin). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunikezwa ukudla okuqinile. Umthamo nohlobo lwe-insulin kubekiwe ngakunye. Ukuqapha ushukela wakho wegazi njalo, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge imitha kashukela egazini. Uma zonke izimo zihlangabezana, umuntu angaphila impilo ejwayelekile (vele, kuzoba nemikhawulo eminingi, kepha akukho ukuphunyula kuyo).
