Izibalo zithi kusuka eminyakeni engama-55-60, i-atherossteosis ibonwa ezigulini eziyi-100. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwe-arteryosulinosis yamakhemikhali asebekhulile kuhlala isihloko esiphuthumayo.
Ukwehla kwenkumbulo, ikhanda, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, ukukhuluma okungahambi kahle, ukuzwa, ukuxhumanisa, ukudangala - konke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezigcwala ze-cholesterol emikhunjini yokugcwala.
Ukwelashwa kwe-pathology kufaka phakathi umuthi, ukudla nezinye izindlela.
Ukucaciswa kwalesi sifo sikhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi singakhula masinyane kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, into esemqoka ukuqala ukwelashwa okusebenzayo futhi okufika ngesikhathi.
Umshini wokuthuthukisa lesi sifo
Inqubo ye-pathological iqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluleka ku-lipid metabolism. Njengoba i-cholesterol ingancibilikisi egazini, idluliswa ngamaprotheni - i-lipoprotein.
Kunama-lipoproteins aphezulu we-high density lipoproteins (HDL), anyibilika egazini, kanye ne-lipoproteins ephansi (LDL), okuqukethwe okuphezulu okudala ukudalelwa.
Linani elikhulu le-LDL elibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-atherosclerosis. Ukuqongelelwa kwama-cholesterol plaque kuyinqubo ende. Iqukethe i-cholesterol hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izingxenyana ze-lipoprotein.
Ukuqhubeka kwe-pathology kudlula ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Ukuqongelelwa kwezindawo ezinamafutha. Kuboniswa ukwakheka kwemivimbo ephuzi kanye nobude bonke odongeni lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi. Kulesi sigaba, umuntu akazizwa izimpawu zokuthi ku-atherossteosis. Izinga lokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo liyahlukahluka izinyanga ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana. Ihambisana ne-concomitant pathologies.
- Ukuqongelela i-Lipid. Imichilo yamanqatha ibangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zomkhumbi, okuqhubeka isikhathi kuholele ekubunjweni kwengqimba ye-lipid nokukhula kwezicubu. Iziqu ezinamafutha ziyagoqwa futhi zikhuphuke ngaphezu kodonga lwe-artery.
Isigaba sesithathu ukwenzeka kwezinkinga. Lesi sifo singakhula ngokuya ngezimo ezimbili - ukwakheka kwejazi legazi noma ukuqhuma kwethotho lamathambo.
Ukuqhekeka kwegazi kubangela ukuphuma kwemikhumbi emikhulu, okubangela imivimbo, ukulimala kwezicubu ze-necrotic kanye ne-gangrene. Ukuqhuma kwe-Plaque kuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-deposits amasha kanye nokukhululwa kwegazi elikhulu.
Izici Zengozi Ye-Atherossteosis
I-Cerebral atherosclerosis ibonwa kaningi kakhulu kunezilonda ze-atheromatous of the coronary shipping and aorta. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuxilongwa okunjalo kumiswa, amathuba emiphumela ebulalayo ayanda kakhulu.
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinto ezandisa ubungozi be-atherosulinosis yamakhorali. Ezinye zazo angeke zigwenywe, kepha kukhona ezingasuswa empilweni yakho.
Izimbangela zesifo yilezi:
- ukubhema kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-pathologies ye-inhliziyo;
- i-hyperlipoproteinemia (inani eliphelele le-cholesterol - ngaphezu kwe-5 mmol / l, LDL - ngaphezu kwe-3 mmol / l);
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala, ukukhulisa umfutho wegazi;
- indlela yokuphila engasebenzi - i-harbinger ye-atherossteosis, ukukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela;
- i-arterial hypertension, kufaka phakathi ingcindezi ephezulu ye-intracranial (ngaphezu kwe-140/90 mm Hg);
- ukukhuluphala kanye nemikhuba yokudla (ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamafutha we-trans nama-carbohydrate);
- ubulili, ngoba amadoda maningi amathuba okuba ahlaselwe yilesi sifo kunabesifazane;
- iminyaka (abesifazane - ukusuka eminyakeni engama-55 ubudala, abesilisa - kusukela kwabaneminyaka engama-45);
- isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology kusithinta kabi isimo semithambo yegazi;
- ukuzalwa kwefa, okubandakanya ukwenzeka kwe-atherosclerosis yokuqala.
Ezinye izinto zifaka i-postmenopause, i-hypothyroidism, amazinga aphezulu e-fibrinogen egazini, ukuba khona kwe-homocysteine kumchamo nokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu egazini.
Izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis zemithambo yobuchopho
Ukuvezwa kuchazwa yindlala ye-oxygen yesakhiwo sezicubu zobuchopho. I-Symbomatology yalesi sifo incike kakhulu ebangeni lokungondleki kwamangqamuzana wesistimu yezinzwa.
| Isigaba sokuqina kwemizwa | Izimpawu |
| Kuqala | Ukusebenza okwehlisiwe, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, ukuphathwa ikhanda, kunciphise ukugxila nokubuka inkumbulo, ukuqwasha, amaphupho amabi, ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo, i-tinnitus, ukuncipha okubukwayo kokubonakalayo, ukudangala. |
| Izibonisi eziveziwe | Izinguquko ze-Psychopathological - ukukhathazeka okungapheli, ukucatshangelwa kwemizwa, ukushintshashintsha kwezimo zemizwa njalo. Kukhona futhi amathuba okuxhaxha kanye nokuxhuga kohlobo lwesithuthwane. |
| Ukuwohloka komqondo (dementia) | Ukwephulwa kokumukeleka esikhaleni, ukulahleka kwememori, dementia, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. |
Inkambo ye-pathology ihambisana nokwehla kwesizinda semizwa. Isibonakaliso sokulimala kobuchopho ukuthi isiguli siqala ukweqile amandla akhe, kuthi lapho sehluleka, singazibeki yena, kodwa abantu abaseduze naye.
Isici se-atherosclerosis semithambo yobuchopho ukuthi sikhula siphikisana nesizinda se-stenosis esisheshayo semikhumbi esemqoka neyangaphandle.
Izinkinga zeCerebral Atherossteosis
Ukwelashwa okungaphumeleli noma sekwephuze kakhulu kwe-cherselal atherosulinosis asebekhulile, ngeshwa, akukuvimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga. Umphumela ongathandeki kakhulu wezilonda zesisu esibuhlungu ubhekwe njengokuhlasela kwesikhashana, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ischemic kanye ne-hemorrhagic stroke.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa okwesikhashana, isiguli sikhononda ngokuxineka kobuso nezingalo, ikhanda elingazelelwe, ukonakala kwemishini yokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle, isiyezi, ukulahleka kwesinye isikhathi kwezinkinga nezinkinga zokukhuluma zesikhashana.
I-Ischemic stroke iboniswa ukumiswa okuphelele kokujikeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa umthambo ovalekile odla ubuchopho.
Lesi simo sihambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehluleka ukuhambisa imilenze yakho.
- Ukudideka noma ukuntuleka okuphelele kwemizwa emilenzeni.
- Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kokunyakaza.
- Ubunzima bokugwinya nokukhuluma.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hemorrhagic stroke kwenzeka ngejubane elisheshayo. Njengomphumela wokuqhuma kwemithambo ye-intracerebral, igazi lingena emgodini wesikhumba, okufaka imiphumela emibi. Izici zayo eziphambili zifaka:
- ikhanda elibukhali;
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- ukuntuleka kokuxhumana;
- ukuphefumula kanzima
- isisu noma ikoma;
- hemiparesis (ukukhubazeka ngokwengxenye).
Ukuze uvikele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuhola impilo enempilo, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi, futhi uma kunezimpawu ezisolisayo, bonana nodokotela.
Izindlela zokuthola lesi sifo
Ukuxilongwa kwe-atherosclerosis yamakhorali kuhilela izigaba eziningana - ukuthatha i-anamnesis, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwesiguli, ukudlulisela izifundo zaselebhu kanye nezinsimbi.
Okokuqala, uchwepheshe unquma ukuthi isiguli sinezici zobungozi zalesi sifo. Isiguli kuzodingeka sikhiphe izinto ezisuswayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukubhema noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
Ekuhlolweni, udokotela unquma umfutho wegazi futhi ulalele inhliziyo. Ukuvuvukala kanye nokunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha kungakhombisa ukulimala kwe-atheromatous.
Uma usola ukuthi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi esisemkhunjini, udokotela uthumela isiguli ukuthi siyohlolwa elabhorethri kanye nasensizeni:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile nokujwayelekile;
- ukuhlaziywa komchamo ojwayelekile;
- I-Dopplerography yemikhumbi ye-intracranial;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yemikhumbi ye-coronary;
- imaging kazibuthe;
- ukuskena okuphindwe kabili.
Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe, khona-ke kunesidingo sokuthola ngokunembile indawo yama-atherosranceotic plaque.
Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho udokotela angahlakulela i-regimen ephumelelayo yokwelapha engasiza ukubhekana nezimpawu futhi uvikele nezinkinga ze-pathology.
Izimiso zokwelashwa kwe-pathology
Izibalo zezokwelapha zithi ukuthatha imishanguzo ku-80% yamacala kuqeda izimpawu zezilonda zesibindi se-atheromatous futhi kusiza ukuqeda ukuthuthuka kwayo okuqhubekayo.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kumele kuhambisane nokudla.
Ukulungisa i-lipid metabolism, ochwepheshe babeka inkimbinkimbi yezidakamizwa:
Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zingaba yingxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi:
- Izimo ezivimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol ngesibindi. Leli qembu lezidakamizwa selithole ukuthandwa okukhulu manje. Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo yi-Atorvastatin neRosuvastatin SZ.
- Ama-LCD asebenza ngokulandelana kwawo avimbela ukwakheka kwama-bile acid ngesibindi. Umphumela wokwelapha utholakala ngenxa yokuthi isibindi siqala ukusebenzisa i-cholesterol ethe xaxa ukuqinisekisa ukugaya okujwayelekile. Ekhemisi ungathola iColestyramine neKolesevelam.
- Izindwangu ezilimaza isakhiwo se-triglycerides. Abamele iqembu lezidakamizwa nguTricor no-Atromide.
- I-Nicotinic acid kanye nokutholakala yimithi enomphumela we-vasodilating ne-antispasmodic.
Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni okuyinhloko, udokotela angabhalela abanye isiguli ngemithi eyengeziwe:
- ama-angioprotectors;
- antispasmodics;
- ama-antiplatelet agents;
- sedative;
- izidakamizwa ze-vasodilator;
- amavithamini ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kokuthatha imishanguzo ekwelapheni isifo sokuqina kwemizwa, ezinye izindawo zomzimba ziyenziwa ukuthi zisize ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwamehlo Futhi, izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokuzivocavoca umzimba nezengqondo ngokwengqondo zokulwa namathafa atheromatous zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, lapho ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungalethi umphumela oyifunayo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyasetshenziswa.
Ukudla nokuvimbela izifo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-20% e-cholesterol angena emzimbeni womuntu kanye nokudla.
Nge-cerebral atherossteosis, izinga eliphakeme le-LDL liyabonakala.
Kungakho ukondleka okhethekile kungafaki ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe inani elikhulu le-cholesterol nama-carbohydrate.
Imiphi imikhiqizo engenzeka futhi efakwa ku-contraindication ephula i-cholesterol metabolism, siyicabangela etafuleni.
| Imikhiqizo Evinjelwe | Imikhiqizo evunyelwe |
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Ukudla kuhlose ukwehlisa inani likasawoti elichithwayo, ngoba ukweqisa kwalo emzimbeni kuholela ekwenyukeni kokuqukethwe koketshezi. Futhi, lokhu kuholela ekwandeni komfutho wegazi. Umthamo wansuku zonke kasawoti awudluli kumagremu ayi-5.
Izindlela ezisezingeni elifanele zokwelashwa okushisa kwemikhiqizo ziyabola, ngendlela ebhaka noma ebilisiwe. Esikhundleni sikasawoti, izinongo nezinongo eziningi zivunyelwe ukufaka ukunambitheka kwezitsha.
Ukuvimbela ukubekwa kwe-atherosclerotic plaque kubandakanya izincomo ezilandelayo:
- kuyadingeka ukulahla yonke imikhuba emibi;
- Udinga ukuhlanganyela njalo emfundweni yomzimba nokuqina;
- ekubonisweni kokuqala kokuphazamiseka kobuchopho kufanele kube nokuhlolwa kwezifundo ezithile;
- izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane futhi ezingamahlalakhona kumele ziphathwe kahle;
- Ukudla okulinganiselayo kufanele kuqashelwe;
- ebukhoneni besisindo ngokweqile, kufanele ilungiswe;
- ubungozi be-thrombosis ne-thromboembolism kumele bususwe;
- uma kuvela noma yiziphi izimpawu, bonana nodokotela.
Kukhona futhi umkhuba wokusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko zemithi ekulweni ne-cerebral arteriosulinosis. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kwabo kunganqunywa ngudokotela kuphela.
Ukulandela zonke izincomo, ukuphuza umuthi kanye nokulandela indlela odla ngayo, ungasusa izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis yamakhemikhali futhi uvikele nezinkinga zakhona. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-futurenosis izoba nethemba.
I-atherosclerosis ye-Brain ichazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
