Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuba ne-cholesterol egazini kuwuphawu lwenkinga yezempilo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kumane kungukuphilayo obalulekile ongakhiqizwa yizitho zangaphakathi ukugcina umzimba uvamile.
Le nto isiza ukugcina ukwakheka kwezindonga zamaseli, yakha ama-bile acid, ikhiqize uvithamini D, futhi isekele ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zama-hormone. Ngakho-ke, indima ye-cholesterol ibaluleke kakhulu.
Umthombo wesibili walokho kwento yimikhiqizo evela ezilwaneni. Kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo kungakhula kakhulu uma amafutha ayingozi ehlanganiswa njalo ekudleni.
Iyini i-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu?
Le ngxenye idlala indima ebalulekile futhi engalungile, kuya ngobungako bayo. I-cholesterol itholakala esithweni sangasese nobuchopho. Kuyasiza ukukhiqiza uvithamini D, olawula imetabolism yomzimba.
Ngokuzibandakanya kwalokhu, izindlala ze-adrenal zingakhiqiza ama-hormone ahlukahlukene e-steroid, futhi ukwenziwa kwe-estrogen ne-androgen, ama-hormone ocansi abesilisa nabesilisa kuyakhuphuka esizalweni.
Lapho esibindini, i-cholesterol iguqulwa ibe yi-bile acid, egaya amafutha. Futhi kusebenza njengesixhobo esihle kakhulu sokwakha izindonga zeseli, kuzenze zihlale ziqinile futhi ziqine. Ngezinga eliphansi lezinto, abesifazane abakhulelwe bathola ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Amaphesenti angaphezu kwangama-80 alolu hlobo ahlanganiswe isibindi kanye namathumbu amancane, konke okunye kuqhamuka ecebeni, inyama enamafutha, ibhotela, amaqanda enkukhu.
Izazi zezempilo zincoma ukudla kakhulu i-cholesterol engama-0.3 g ngosuku, elingana nelitha lebisi. Empilweni ejwayelekile, umuntu udla okuningi kwalesi sakhi, okuthinta kabi impilo.
Izinhlobo ze-Cholesterol
I-cholesterol isitetingi esinjengama-waxy aqukethe ulwelwesi lwaseli kunoma iyiphi into ephilayo. Ukuqoqeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwento kuyabonakala ebuchosheni nasezibindini.
Izitho zangaphakathi ziyakwazi, uma kunesidingo, ukuzihlanganisa zodwa izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingena emzimbeni ngokudla okuhlukahlukene.
Ngale ndlela, i-cholesterol idonswa kakhulu amathumbu futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangana negazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuthutha ngohlelo lwe-hematopoietic kwenzeka ngesimo se-lipoprotein, ngaphakathi kubandakanya ama-lipids, futhi kwangaphandle kufakwe amaprotheni. Izakhi ezinjalo zezinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-cholesterol enhle ifaka ama-lipoprotein aphezulu noma i-HDL. Zivimbela izifo zenhliziyo, azivumeli imithambo yegazi ukuthi igqekeze, njengoba zithutha zibuthana nezinto eziyingozi esibindini, lapho kubizwa khona ikholesterol emibi bese kudalulwa.
- I-cholesterol embi ine-density lipoproteins ephansi noma i-LDL, inesakhiwo esishintshiwe samaseli, ngenxa yalokho ihlangana ngendlela yama-atherosclerotic plaque, ama-clogs artery, abangela isifo senhliziyo, futhi icasule ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo nokushaya.
Ukuze ulondoloze impilo, umuntu kufanele abe namazinga amukelekayo wezinto zombili. Ukuqapha izinkomba, isiguli kudingeka sihlolwe njalo igazi futhi sihlolwe ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kutholakala ukuthi kutholakala isifo sikashukela, lapho kudingeka khona indlela ekhethekile yokudla.
I-cholesterol ephezulu
Njengomthetho, ngokwanda kokubandakanyeka kwento esegazini, umuntu akaziboni izinguquko, ngakho-ke akaphuthumi ukuthi ayohlolwa futhi alashwe. Kodwa-ke, i-sterol ephezulu ivusa izifo ezihambisana nemithambo ye-coronary.
Lapho izingqimba ze-lipid zivimba imithambo yegazi ephakela ubuchopho, umuntu angaba nesifo sohlangothi. Uma imithambo enikeza igazi enhliziyweni ivinjiwe, kunengozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Amazinga we-cholesterol ayahlukahluka, ngokuya ngokudla okukhethiwe. Kepha lesi akusona izinkomba eziphambili zezempilo, yize ukungabikho kokudla okunamafutha, utshwala nokudla okunosawoti kunganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi. Abantu abehlukene bangaba namanani ehlukile ezinto, noma ngabe alandela ukudla okufanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kofuzo lwe-genetic predisposition or hypercholesterolemia yomndeni.
Ukuvimbela isifo samathambo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nezinye izinkinga, udinga ukubukeza okudla, ungafaki ukudla okunamafutha nokudla okune-cholesterol ephezulu emenyu.
Ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba nakho kuyimbangela yokwephulwa, kepha le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngosizo lomsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba.
Ingozi yesifo sikashukela, isibindi kanye nezinso, amaqanda ama-polycystic, ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormone kwabesifazane, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid kuyanda.
Ukuvela kwama-atherosselotic plaque emithanjeni yegazi kuhlotshaniswa nokuthambekela kofuzo, ukuqala kokuya esikhathini ekuqaleni kwabesifazane. I-Pathology ivame kakhulu emadodeni, futhi abantu asebekhulile bavame ukuhlangana nenkinga efanayo.
Uma umuntu eveza okungenani izinto ezimbili, udinga ukukhathazeka ngempilo yakho futhi ushintshe indlela yokuphila efanele.
Uma kunesidingo, udokotela angabeka ukwelashwa ngama-anabolic agents, ama-corticosteroids, ama-progestin.
Ubungozi bamanani aphezulu
Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cholesterol. I-HDL enhle isusa izinto ezilimazayo ngokuyihambisa esibindini, lapho icutshungulwa futhi idalulwe ngokwemvelo.
I-analogue embi ihambela kwelinye uhlangothi kusuka esibindini, inamathela ebusweni bemithambo yegazi futhi yakhe iziqu ezikhula zibe ngamathafa e-atherosclerotic. Kancane kancane, ukuqhekeka okunamafutha okunjalo kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-patency yemithambo yegazi, futhi lokhu kudala isifo esiyingozi i-atherosclerosis.
Ngezinkinga zenhliziyo noma izifo zesibindi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezitsha ze-cholesterol. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amatafula akhethekile, akhombisa ukubaluleka nokulimaza kwemikhiqizo.
Ukunyuka kwe-cholesterol kuqoshwa lapho izinombolo ziqala ukwedlula isilinganiso se-5.0 mmol / litre.
Ukwelashwa ngamanani akhuphukayo
Udokotela unquma ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi imithi, amakhambi abantu, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nokudla okwelaphayo. Usebenzisa imithambo yokuzivocavoca noma ezemidlalo, ungasusa amafutha amaningi ngokweqile okuza nokudla. Ukugijima okulula nokuhamba nsuku zonke kusiza kakhulu.
Ukuba semoyeni omusha nokusebenza ngokomzimba kuthuthukisa ithoni yemisipha, ngenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi isebenza kakhulu futhi akuvumeli ukungcoliswa. Kubantu asebekhulile, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo njalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile, uqaphela isilinganiso.
Imvamisa, ukubhema kuba yimbangela engaqondile ye-atherosclerosis, ngakho-ke kufanele uyeke umkhuba omubi futhi unakekele isimo sezitho zangaphakathi. Utshwala bungasiza ngisho nasekwelapheni ngemithamo emincane, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-50 g yesiphuzo esinamandla notshwala abangama-200 abavunyelwe ukuphuza ngosuku. Ngesifo sikashukela, kungcono ukwenqaba le ndlela yokuvimbela.
Itiye elimnyama lithathelwa itiye eliluhlaza okotshani, lokhu kuzoqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi, kwehlise izinga lezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi, futhi kwandise ne-HDL. Ungavimbela ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol ngosizo lwewolintshi, i-apula, ikhukhamba, isanqante, iklabishi, iklabishi elisanda kufakwa emanzini.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol synthesis kubangelwa ukudla okufana nezinso, ubuchopho, icaviar, izikhupha zenkukhu, ibhotela, umvimba osabhemayo, imayonesi, inyama. Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi akukho ngaphezu kwama-300 mg ento evunyelwe ukudliwa ngosuku.
Ukuze ungeqi ezingeni elidingekayo le-cholesterol, udinga ukufaka amanzi ekudleni ngamanzi amaminerali, imifino entsha enziwe ngemifino kanye namajusi wezithelo, omnqumo, i-sunflower namafutha ommbila, i-veal, unogwaja, izinkukhu. I-Wheat, i-buckwheat noma izitsha ze-oat, izithelo ezintsha, inhlanzi yolwandle, i-legumes, negalikhi kuzosiza izinkomba eziphansi.
Esimweni esinganakwa, lapho ukondleka okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca kungasizi, udokotela unquma umuthi. Imithi iyakhethwa, ngokuya ngesimo esejwayelekile sesiguli kanye nezimpawu zomzimba ngamunye, ukuzelapha kungamukeleki.
Ama-Statins asebenza njengomuthi oyinhloko, phakathi kwawo uSimvastatin, Avenkor, Simgal, Simvastol, uVasilip. Kepha ukwelashwa okunjalo kubangela imiphumela emibi eminingi nge-edema, i-asthma, ukusabela komzimba, ingozi eyengeziwe yokuzala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal gland.
Umsebenzi wokwehlisa i-cholesterol kubantu abanesifo sikashukela wenziwa yiLipantil 200M neTricor. Ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, la ma-ejenti angeke abhekane kuphela nokuqeda into elimazayo, kodwa futhi ne-uric acid exubile. Kepha le mishanguzo i-contraindified uma kunokungezwani kwamantongomane noma i-pathology yesinye.
Sebenzisa ukuqaphela nge-Atomax, iLiptonorm, iTulip, iTorvakard, i-Atorvastatin. Izidakamizwa ezifanayo nazo zingezama-statins futhi zingadala imiphumela emibi, naphezu komphumela obonakele wonyango.
Uma izinga le-cholesterol lidlulwa kakhulu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa yiKrestor, i-Rosucard, i-Rosulip, i-Tevastor, i-Acorta kanye nezinye izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-rosuvastatin esebenzayo. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuqinile ngemithamo emincane.
Njengokwengezwa, odokotela batusa ukuthatha amavithamini nezithasiselo zokudla, basenza ngokwejwayelekile isimo esigcwele, bangavumeli ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol embi futhi bangabi nemiphumela emibi.
Isiguli sinqunywe iTykveol, i-Omega 3, i-SievePren, i-folic acid, amavithamini eqembu B.
Ukuntuleka kwe-cholesterol
Kukhona futhi izimo lapho isiguli sine-cholesterol ephansi. Le yi-pathology ethinta nesimo sempilo yabantu.
Isimo esifanayo singabhekwa uma isiguli sinesifo ekukhiqizeni ama-bile acid nama-hormone ocansi. Ukubuyisela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma amaseli abomvu egazi, udinga ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwama-lipoprotein ngokudla ukudla okune-cholesterol.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwephula kuholela ebuthakathakeni, ukuncipha kwezindonga zemithambo yemithambo, ukuqhuma, ukukhathala okusheshayo, ukwehlisa umkhawulo wezinhlungu, ukwenza buthaka kwamasosha omzimba, ukudangala, ukungasebenzi kohlelo lokuzala.
I-Lipid metabolism ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
