I-cholesterol yindawo efana namafutha eyingxenye yesakhiwo sokuqanjwa kwamangqamuzana.
Le ngxenye ikhiqizwa ngumzimba nge-4/5 futhi kungu-1/5 kuphela wenani elidingekayo elingena kulo livela ngaphandle kwangaphandle nokudla okuchithiwe.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezandayo cholesterol.
Kuyini i-cholesterol?
I-cholesterol ephakanyisiwe ingabhekwa njengenkinga ejwayelekile kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.
Imvamisa, i-pathology enjalo yenzeka kubameli bengxenye yesilisa yabantu, okuhambisana nokuchayeka okunamandla emikhubeni elimazayo, ngaphezu kwalokhu, amadoda ikakhulukazi adla ukudla okuthosiwe okunamafutha kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Izinga le-lipids lithinteka ngokubhema, ukuphuza, indlela yokuphila yokuhlala nokucindezelwa okungapheli.
Izinkinga eziphakama ngenxa yokwanda kwe-cholesterol emadodeni ziboniswa kaningi, kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-35.
Umuntu ophilile egazini une-cholesterol index engaphansi kuka-5.0 mmol / L. Odokotela bakhuluma ngokwanda kwama-lipoprotein egazi uma kwenzeka lesi sikhombisi sikhuphuka kokujwayelekile, ngaphezulu kwesithathu.
I-cholesterol ngotshwala obunamafutha.
Kwezokwelapha, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-cholesterol:
- I-High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
- I-Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL).
- Ama-lipoproteins of kwabantu abaphakathi.
- Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu.
Ama-lipoprotein we-density low abizwa nge-cholesterol embi. Ama-lipoproteins we-density ephezulu asiza ukunciphisa i-LDL.
Izinga lekholesterol lincike enanini elikhulu lezinto, phakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo kubaluleke kakhulu:
- ukukhuluphala
- isifiso sokuthola ifa lokuhlangenwe nakho kwezitho zofuzo;
- i-arterial hypertension;
- ukubhema
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukusetshenziswa okunganele kwezithelo nemifino;
- iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40;
- isifo senhliziyo;
- indlela yokuphila engasebenzi (iqembu elisengozini - abashayeli, abasebenzi basehhovisi);
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla okunamafutha, okumnandi, okuthosiwe nokunosawoti, utshwala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kwenzeka lapho izidakamizwa ezithile zisetshenziswa enkambweni yokwelashwa.
Isimo se-cholesterol esintwini
Inani le-lipids linqunywa ngokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu.
Izinga lale ngxenye lincike ebulilini nakubudala.
Emzimbeni wesifazane, ukuqoqwa kwama-lipoproteins kusesimweni esitebile kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukuhamba kokuya esikhathini nokushintshwa kwama-hormone maqondana nokuqothuka komsebenzi wokuzala.
Ngokuhambisana namazinga amukelwa ngumuntu, isibalo se-5.0-5.2 mmol / L sithathwa njengejwayelekile. Ukwanda kwe-lipoprotein ku-6.3 mmol / L kuyinto ephezulu evunyelwe. Uma inkomba ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-6.3 mmol / L, i-cholesterol ibhekwa njengephezulu.
Egazini, i-cholesterol inezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zamakhompiyutha kunenkambiso yokuziphatha ngokomzimba. Lezi zinkomba zincike eminyakeni nobudala bomuntu.
Ithebula libonisa ama-lipoprotein ajwayelekile ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabesifazane, kuya ngeminyaka, ku-mmol / L.
| Iminyaka yomuntu | I-cholesterol ephelele | I-LDL | I-LPVN |
| ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 | 2,9-5,18 | ||
| Iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweli-10 | 2,26-5,3 | 1.76 - 3.63 | 0.93 - 1.89 |
| Iminyaka eyi-10-15 | 3.21-5.20 | 1.76 - 3.52 | 0.96 - 1.81 |
| Iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 | 3.08 - 5.18 | 1.53 - 3.55 | 0.91 - 1.91 |
| Iminyaka engama-20-25 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.48 - 4.12 | 0.85 - 2.04 |
| Iminyaka engama-25-30 ubudala | 3.32 - 5.75 | 1.84 - 4.25 | 0.96 - 2.15 |
| Iminyaka engama-30- 35 ubudala | 3.37 - 5.96 | 1.81 - 4.04 | 0.93 - 1.99 |
| Iminyaka engama-35- 40 | 3.63 - 6.27 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| Iminyaka engama-40-45 | 3.81 - 6.76 | 1.92 - 4.51 | 0.88 - 2.28 |
| Iminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala | 3.94 - 6.76 | 2.05 - 4.82 | 0.88 - 2.25 |
| Iminyaka engama-50-55 | 4.20 - 7.5 | 2.28 - 5.21 | 0.96 - 2.38 |
| Iminyaka engama-55-60 ubudala | 4.45 - 7.77 | 2.31 - 5.44 | 0.96 - 2.35 |
| Iminyaka engama-60-65 ubudala | 4.45 - 7.69 | 2.59 - 5.80 | 0.98 - 2.38 |
| Iminyaka engama-65-70 ubudala | 4.43 - 7.85 | 2.38 - 5.72 | 0.91 - 2.48 |
| > Iminyaka engama-70 | 4.48 - 7.2 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 2.38 |
Ngezansi imiphumela eyisilinganiso yocwaningo lokuqukethwe kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-lipoprotein emadodeni, kuya ngeminyaka.
| Iminyaka | I-cholesterol ephelele | I-LDL | I-HDL |
| ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 | 2.95-5.25 | ||
| Iminyaka engama-5- 10 | 3.13 - 5.25 | 1.63 - 3.34 | 0.98 - 1.94 |
| Iminyaka eyi-10-15 | 3.08-5.23 | 1.66 - 3.34 | 0.96 - 1.91 |
| Iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 | 2.91 - 5.10 | 1.61 - 3.37 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| Iminyaka engama-20-25 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.71 - 3.81 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| Iminyaka engama-25-30 ubudala | 3.44 - 6.32 | 1.81 - 4.27 | 0.80 - 1.63 |
| Iminyaka engama-30- 35 ubudala | 3.57 - 6.58 | 2.02 - 4.79 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| Iminyaka engama-35- 40 | 3.63 - 6.99 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| Iminyaka engama-40-45 | 3.91 - 6.94 | 2.25 - 4.82 | 0.70 - 1.73 |
| Iminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala | 4.09 - 7.15 | 2.51 - 5.23 | 0.78 - 1.66 |
| Iminyaka engama-50-55 | 4.09 - 7.17 | 2.31 - 5.10 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| Iminyaka engama-55-60 ubudala | 4.04 - 7.15 | 2.28 - 5.26 | 0.72 - 1.84 |
| Iminyaka engama-60-65 ubudala | 4.12 - 7.15 | 2.15 - 5.44 | 0.78 - 1.91 |
| Iminyaka engama-65-70 ubudala | 4.09 - 7.10 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.78 - 1.94 |
| > Iminyaka engama-70 | 3.73 - 6.86 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 1.94 |
Ngokusekelwe imininingwane eyethuliwe, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol, bobabili abesifazane nabesilisa, kuncike ngqo kuzinkomba zeminyaka, ubudala obuphezulu, okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwengxenye esegazini.
Umehluko phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa ukuthi emadodeni izinga lotshwala obunamafutha linyuka lize liye eminyakeni engama-50, kuthi ngemuva kokufika kulelonyaka, kwehle ukwehla kwalesi paramente.
Izici ezithinta inani lama-lipoprotein
Lapho utolika imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu, kufanele kubhekwe izici eziningana ezingathonya inkomba ye-lipid esegazini lomuntu.
Kwabesifazane, kuzinkomba zokuhumusha, isikhathi somjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokuba khona kokukhulelwa kufanele kubhekwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kubhekwe lapho kucutshungulwa imiphumela etholakele yocwaningo lwelebhu efana nemingcele efana:
- Isikhathi sonyaka phakathi kwenhlolovo.
- Ukuba khona kwezifo ezithile.
- Ukuba khona kwe-neoplasms enobungozi.
Kuya ngesizini yonyaka, okuqukethwe yi-cholesterol kungancipha noma kukhule. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubanda, inani le-cholesterol landa ngo-2%. Ukuchezuka okunjalo kusuka ekusebenzeni okumaphakathi kuvamile ngokomzimba.
Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala bokuzala engxenyeni yokuqala yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, kubhekwa ukwenyuka okungu-10%, okuthathwa njengokujwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi isikhathi lapho kuba khona ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga lama-lipoprotein.
Ukuba khona kwezifo ezinjenge-angina pectoris, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme esikhathini sokuthuthuka kukhuthaza ukukhula kwama-cholesterol plaques.
Ukuba khona kwe-neoplasms enobungozi kubangela ukwehla okukhulu kokuxineka kwe-lipid, okuchazwa ukukhula okushesha kwezicubu ze-pathological.
Ukwakhiwa kwezicubu ze-pathological kudinga inani elikhulu lezinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi notshwala obunamafutha.
Yini esisongela i-cholesterol ephezulu?
Ukuba khona kwe-cholesterol ephezulu kutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile noma lapho isiguli singeniswa esibhedlela esikhungweni sezokwelapha esinezinkinga zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi.
Ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokuvimbela nokulondolozwa kwendlela yokuphila engenampilo, kanye nokwenqaba ukuthatha izivivinyo, kuthinta isimo sempilo yabantu ngokuzayo.
Ukuba khona kwezinga eliphakeme lama-lipoprotein egazini kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-LDL iyanqotshwa. Le ndlela yokudambisa ifakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ngesimo samachaphaza cholesterol.
Ukwakheka kwama-deposits anjalo kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherossteosis.
Ukwakheka kwama-plaque kuholela kokuphazamiseka ekunikezelweni kwegazi ezithweni, okuholela ekuntuleni kwezakhi zomzimba emangqamuzaneni kanye nokubulawa yindlala komoya.
Imikhumbi engenampilo ivusa ukubukeka kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokukhula kwe-angina pectoris.
Ochwepheshe bezenhliziyo baphawula ukuthi ukwanda kwenani lama-lipid egazini kuholela ekuhlaselweni kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nemivimbo.
Ukubuyela empilweni ejwayelekile ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa yinhliziyo kuwumsebenzi onzima odinga isikhathi eside sokutakula nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.
Endabeni yokwanda kwenani lama-lipid, abantu bahlakulela ukungasebenzi emsebenzini wezingalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kubukeka nobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kuyaqoshwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-LDL:
- ukubonakala kwama-xanthomas kanye namabala ansundu aphuzi ebusweni besikhumba;
- ukuqina kwesisindo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala;
- ukubonakala kobuhlungu obucindezelayo esifundeni senhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwesikhombi se-cholesterol emibi kuholela ekudingisweni kwamathumbu ngenxa yokufakwa kwamafutha emgodini wesisu. Lokhu kudala ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wegumbi lokugaya ukudla.
Ngasikhathi sinye nokwephulwa okusohlwini, ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuphefumula kuyabonakala, ngoba kunokugcwala kwamafutha wamaphaphu.
Ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni kwegazi ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol kukhipha ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi, okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi. Ingqondo yomuntu ayitholi ukondleka okwenele.
Lapho imithambo yesistimu ejikeleza ubuchopho ivinjiwe, ukubulawa yindlala kwamaseli wobuchopho kuyabonakala, futhi lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwesifo sohlangothi.
Ukwanda kwe-triglycerides yegazi kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sezinso nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi kuyisizathu sokwanda kwesibalo sabantu ngokwanda kwenani le-LDL egazini. Ukufa okuvela kulezi zifo cishe kungama-50% awo wonke amacala aqoshiwe.
Ukuqothuka kwe-vascular ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-plaque ne-thrombus kuholela ekwakhiweni kwe-gangrene.
Amazinga aphezulu ama-lipoprotein aphansi angaba neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni i-atherosulinosis yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kungadala ukuvela kokuwohloka komqondo okuyi-senile. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthola isifo se-Alzheimer's kumuntu.
Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kwenani lama-lipoprotein asezingeni eliphansi kungabonisa ukuthi umuntu unezinkinga zempilo ezingeni lofuzo.
Ngokunyuka okungalawulwa kwe-cholesterol, kungaba nenkinga esibindini, kulesi simo, ukwakheka kwamatshe e-cholesterol kwenzeka.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosulinosis
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-hypothesis yokuthi i-cholesterol iyimbangela ebaluleke kakhulu ye-atherossteosis eyakhiwa nguN. Anichkov ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Ukwakheka kwama-deposits wotshwala obunamafutha kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinqe zegazi ezindaweni zama-deposits.
Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwe-pathology, kungenzeka ukuthi i-igazi noma ukugqabhuka, lokhu kuholele ekubonakaleni kwama-pathologies angathi sína.
Enye yezimo ezivame kakhulu zokwenzeka kokuvela kokubhujiswa kwama-cholesterol amana yile:
- Ukuqala kokufa kwesikhashana kwe-coronary.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pulmonary embolism.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sohlangothi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.
Emazweni anabantu abaningi abaphethwe yi-LDL ephakeme, ukwanda kwesifo senhliziyo kuphakama kakhulu kunakulawo mazwe lapho kuye kwakhonjwa khona inani elincane labantu abanamazinga aphezulu we-lipoprotein.
Lapho wenza ukuhlaziya kwebhubhoratri kokuqukethwe kwe-LDL, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inani elincishisiwe lale ngxenye nalo alingathandeki emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli qembu lezinto livimbela ukukhula kwe-anemia nokugula kohlelo lwezinzwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona komzimba womuntu we-cholesterol embi ema-aisles ejwayelekile kuvimbela ukukhula kwe-neoplasms enobungozi.
Imiphumela engaba khona ye-atherossteosis kwisifo sikashukela ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
