Kubantu abayisigidigidi sezigidi emhlabeni, umbuzo uhlala ukuthi ungawabuyisela kanjani ama-pancreas kushukela. I-Pathanatomy ibonakala nge-atrophy yesitho, ngenxa yalokho engeke yenze umsebenzi we-exocrine kanye ne-intracecretory.
Iziguli ezitholakala zinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ezibalwa ama-90% azo zonke iziguli ezinalesi sifo, ziyalulekwa ukuthi zilandele indlela ekhethekile yokudla, ukuzivocavoca umzimba futhi kwezinye izimo, zithole umuthi we-hypoglycemic.
Uhlobo 1, iziguli zinikezwa imijovo ye-insulin ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaphindaphinda amaseli we-beta, ufeze i-immunomodulation noma ukufakelwa kwamanyikwe.
Isishukela Essentials
Isifo sikashukela siqashelwa njengobhubhane lwekhulu lama-21. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lezigameko liyi-8.5% phakathi kweziguli zabantu abadala. Ngo-2014, iziguli eziyizigidi ezingama-422 zabhaliswa, uma kuqhathaniswa, ngonyaka we-1980 inani leziguli lalizizigidi eziyi-108 kuphela. Isifo sikashukela yisifo esisakazeka ngesivinini esikhulu, esigcina sikhuluphele ngokweqile.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology kuqala ngokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimbangela ngqo zesifo sikashukela asikacaci. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo: ubulili, ubudala, ifa, ukukhulupha ngokweqile, ukukhulelwa kwe-pathological, njll.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo ziyaziwa - uhlobo lokuqala (olwa-insulin-oluthembele) nohlobo lwesibili (olungathengelwanga i-insulin).
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lutholakala ikakhulukazi esemncane. I-Pathology ibonakala ngokunqamuka ngokuphelele kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe, i-hormone eyenza okuqukethwe kweglucose kube ngokwejwayelekile. Kulokhu, kuboniswa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin - ukuphathwa njalo kwemijovo ye-insulin.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lwenzeka eneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-5. Njengomthetho, ngenxa yokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma i-genetic predisposition, i-insulin iyayeka ukungena kumaseli okuhlosiwe, ngoba aqala ukuphendula ngokungalungile kuwo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-pancreas iyaphela futhi ayikwazi ukukhiqiza inani elidingekayo lama-hormone anciphisa ushukela. Ngokuxilongwa ngesikhathi, amazinga eglucose angalawulwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, ngoba lokhu kwanele ukulandela izondlamzimba nokuzivivinya okufanele. Ezimweni eziphambili kakhulu, kufanele uthathe amaphilisi e-hypoglycemic noma wenze imijovo ye-insulin.
Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo i-polyuria kanye nokoma okukhulu. Lokhu kuxhunyaniswa nomsebenzi wohlelo lokuchama. Ushukela omningi udonswa yizinso, futhi ngenxa yalokho zidinga uketshezi oluningi, oluthathwa izicubu. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uqala ukuphuza amanzi amaningi futhi avakashele indlu yangasese kaningi. Futhi, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angazizwa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukudinwa emilenzeni engezansi nangaphezulu;
- ukukhathala okukhulu, ukusebenza okwehlisiwe;
- ukonakala kwe-visual acuity;
- umuzwa wokukhathazeka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni;
- ikhanda kanye nesiyezi;
- ukungaphatheki kahle, ukulala kabi;
- ukululama kwenxeba isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kungenzeka.
Ukulungiswa kweseli ye-pancreatic beta
Njengoba wazi, amasosha omzimba aqala ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba emangqamuzaneni akhe e-beta, atholakala kwiziqhumane ze-islet zepancreas. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sitho siyaphela futhi asikwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin.
Kuze kube manje, kusungulwe uhlelo lokubuyisa ama-pancreas kushukela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi siphindaphindeke amaseli we-beta futhi uwafake emzimbeni wesiguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kuzoncika kumasosha omzimba: uma engaqali ukubenqaba, khona-ke kunethuba lokubuyiselwa kokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-hormone enciphisa ushukela.
Umsebenzi we-pancreatic ubuyiselwa impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, i-beta cell cloning ingenzeka kaningi.
Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuyasungula, ngakho-ke akukakangeni ekusebenzeni kabanzi. Ukuze ubuyisele inani elifunekayo lamaseli, imijovo yeprotheni ethile ilawulwa ngokulandelana.
Kunenye indlela yokwenza isilinganiso samanani weseli ye-beta, okubandakanya ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kwabo ngaphakathi komzimba.
Lezi zindlela zombili zivivinywa kubantu futhi sezivele zinemiphumela emihle. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze isifo sikashukela singanqotshwa.
I-immunomodulation kanye ne-organ transplantation
Ngesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, inani elincane lamaseli e-beta liyanda. Amasosha omzimba akhiqiza amasosha omzimba abhubhisa la maseli ngokushesha. Njengamanje, kwenziwa umuthi wokugoma okhethekile ozoxazulula inkinga yokuthi ungalapha kanjani amanyikwe nesifo sikashukela.
Imijovo enjalo izovusa amasosha omzimba ukuba aqothule amasosha omzimba. "Ukusinda" amaseli we-beta azokwazi ukwanda, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanyikwe ayobuyiselwa.
Indlela ephumelelayo ngokulinganayo ukuhambisa isplanethi. Ucwaningo oluningi lomtholampilo lufakazele ukuthi lapho kudluliswa izincithakalo zeLangerhans, ukugcwala kweglucose egazini kungazinza. Ukuze umzimba ungenqabi izicubu ezitshaliwe, udinga ukuthatha umuthi we-immunosuppressive.
Amaseli we-stem nawo afakwa ukuze athuthukise umsebenzi we-pancreatic. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubekezelela izivikelo zomzimba kungavuselelwa.
Ochwepheshe abaningi baphawula ukuthi indlela ethembisayo ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela ukudluliselwa kwamaphaphu epancreas yesifo sikashukela, okuthiwa xenotransplantation. Ukukhishwa kwezitho zezilwane kwasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe i-insulin yabantu.
Njengoba uyazi, ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela kubangela izinkinga eziningi - unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, i-retinopathy, i-neuropathy, i-nephropathy, njll. Ngomonakalo omkhulu wezinso, ukufakelwa okuhlanganisiwe kungenzeka.
Odokotela banikeza i-prognosis enhle: kuma-90% wamacala, izitho zomzimba zinezimpande ngempumelelo.
I-Dietotherapy - njengendlela yokululama
Ukudla okulinganiselayo kungenye yezinto eziphambili zokugcina amazinga ashukela evamile nomsebenzi we-pancreatic.
Ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo ngohlobo 2 sikashukela kuzokusiza ugweme umuthi.
Ama-diabetes ayenqatshelwe ukudla ama-carbohydrate namafutha kalula.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokudla okunempilo koshukela yile:
- Ukupheka kufanele kwenziwe i-steam, ibilisiwe noma ibhakiwe.
- Ukuvinjelwa koshokoledi, amaswidi, ukhilimu, amakhekhe, u-ayisikhilimu namanye amaswidi.
- Ukwenqaba i-muffin, ebhikawozi nepasta, lapho kwakusetshenziselwa ufulawa weprimiyamu.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemifino eluhlaza nezithelo kwamukelekile - imifino, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ama-apula aluhlaza, ikhabe, ubhanana, izithelo ezisawolintshi. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukudla amagilebhisi nekhabe, ngoba aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate.
- Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okwenziwe i-wholemeal. Isibonelo, isinkwa se-Borodino noma i-rye, amaqebelengwane e-oatmeal, njll.
- Kuzofanela uziphoqe ukuthi udle kuphela inhlanzi enamafutha aphansi nenyama - i-hake, zander, inkukhu, unogwaja, njll.
- Inani elincane livunyelwe ukusebenzisa ubisi lwe-skim kanye nokutholwa kwalo - ubisi olubilisiwe olubilisiwe, i-kefir, ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi we-cottage shizi.
- Ukungeza ekudleni kokusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene okufana ne-buckwheat, i-oatmeal, i-millet porridge.
- Phakathi kokuphuza kuvunyelwe ukuthatha itiye elibuthakathaka, amakhompiyutha angenazimpawu kanye neziphuzo zezithelo.
- Ukwenqaba imikhuba emibi - ukubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.
- Futhi, ukwengeza ukudla okunosawoti omningi kakhulu, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti nopelepele akunconywa.
- Ukudla kufanele kube okwehla esiphundu: ukudla kufanele kudliwe ngenani elincane lokulethwa okungama-5-6 ngosuku.
Ukwelashwa kokudla sikashukela kuyasebenza futhi nge-pancreatitis - ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe ngenxa yokuqalwa kwama-enzyme akhethekile kuwo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunenqubo yokuzigaya kwesitho, ijusi le-pancreatic alingeni i-duodenum, okuholela ekugayweni. Isakhiwo se-anatomical samanyikwe nge-pancreatitis siyahluka kakhulu.
Njengendlela yokwelashwa eyengeziwe, amakhambi esintu angasetshenziswa. Ukubuyisela umzimba futhi uthuthukise izivikela zomzimba, ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions ye-chamomile, i-dieelle, i-oats, i-aspen kanye nomhlonyane obabayo kuyasetshenziswa.
Ukubuyisa kanjani ukusebenza kwe-pancreatic kushukela kuyachazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
