Siyini isifo sikashukela? Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esingamahlalakhona esenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye nemetabolism yamanzi emzimbeni, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwepancreas.
I-pancreas yisitho sangaphakathi sangaphakathi umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukukhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone. Yile hormone ebamba iqhaza ekucutshungweni kwe-glucose emzimbeni womuntu.
Uma le-hormone emzimbeni incane, noma ingekho nhlobo, khona-ke inqubo yokuguqula ushukela ibe amandla iyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba nokuqunjelwa okukhulu koshukela emzimbeni, futhi kukhishwa kanye nomchamo.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamanzi, izicubu ezithambile azisakwazi ukubamba uketshezi ngokwazo, ngakho-ke amanzi amaningi ngokweqile akhishwa emchameni.
Kuyadingeka ukucubungula ngemininingwane eminingi ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyini, nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani. Lesi sifo sahlukaniswa kanjani, futhi iziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwe-pathology?
Lesi sifo sahlukaniswa kanjani?
I-pathogenesis yesifo incike ohlotsheni lwesifo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezejwayelekile zesifo sikashukela - lolu uhlobo lokuqala nolwesibili lwesifo sikashukela. Lama-pathologies amabili anokuhluka okuyisisekelo phakathi kwawo.
Yize ochwepheshe bezokwelapha besimanje bethi ukuhlukaniswa kwalesi sifo kunemibandela kakhulu, kepha nokho isimo sesimo se-pathological asibalulekanga kangako. Ukwelashwa okukhulu kwesifo sikashukela kuya ngohlobo lokugula.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezifo, ukwelashwa kwanamuhla kukhomba ezinye izinhlobo ze-pathology, ezivame kakhulu futhi okunzima ukuzazi.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo:
- Uhlobo 1 sikashukela lubizwa ngokuthi yi-hormone. Futhi lesi sifo senzeka kubantu ngenxa yamazinga aphansi we-insulin emzimbeni. Imvamisa ukugula okunjalo kutholakala ezinganeni ezincane, ebusheni nasebasha. Lapho kutholwa i-T1DM, udokotela ohambelayo unquma ukuphathwa kwe-insulin ngokushesha.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 asincike kokuqukethwe kwama-hormone emzimbeni womuntu. Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lwe-pathology lubonwa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala, kuyaqabukela besebancane.
- Isifo sikashukela se-LADA uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sikashukela. Kufana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kepha siyaqhubeka kancane. Kodwa-ke, ezigabeni ezinzima kakhulu, lolu hlobo lwesifo lukhumbula ngokwengeziwe uhlobo lwesibili lokugula.
- I-MOD-sikashukela luhlobo lwe-pathology, olungokwesigaba "A", futhi lubonakala ngenkambo enezimpawu. Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwamanyikwe.
- Isifo sikashukela se-Class B noma isifo esenziwa izidakamizwa.
- I-mellitus yesigaba se-C yesifo sikashukela esenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwe-endocrine.
Kodwa-ke, incazelo emfushane yezifo ayiqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi iyini nokuthi kufanele ilashwe kanjani. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubheka uhlobo ngalunye lwesifo sikashukela ngokuningiliziwe, ukubona zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo se-pathological enjalo.
Ngaphandle kokufana kwezinhlobo ezithile zesifo sikashukela, amaqhinga okuthola ukwelashwa cishe kuzo zonke izithombe zomtholampilo ahlukahlukene kakhulu.
SD1 nezimpawu zayo
Esikhathini esiningi samacala, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo lutholakala ezigulini ezisebasha nasezintsha. Lolu hlobo lutholakala enganeni nasebusaneni, futhi imvamisa kakhulu luyifa.
I-Pathology iba lapho amasosha omzimba womuntu ebuthakathaka, namaseli we-beta we-pancreas ephulwa, umsebenzi oyinhloko wawo ukukhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone.
Le hormone isiza ukunciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni, futhi uma kunganele egazini, izinga likashukela liyenyuka, futhi lesi simo sibhekwa isikhathi eside.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi namanje abakasitholi ukuphela kwesizathu esingaholela ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezithile zokuqokonyiswa ezingavusa ukubakhona kwe-pathology yohlobo lokuqala:
- Isakhi sofuzo. Isifo esiqondile asisakazeki sisuka kubazali siye enganeni. Kepha, uma ubaba noma umama enomlando wesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ingozi yokugula enganeni inyuka ngo-10%. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kubo bobabili abazali, khona-ke amathuba okuthi akhuphuke afike ku-50%.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Uma umzimba womuntu ophilile uhlaselwa yigciwane, khona-ke amasosha omzimba "ayavuka", "aqondise amabutho ayo" ukuqeda ukutheleleka. Uma umuntu enesifiso sokuthola lesi sifo, khona-ke emva kokubhujiswa kwaleli gciwane, ukungavikeleki kwakhe kungahlasela amaseli anempilo.
- Imithi Kukhona inguquko yokuthi ezinye izidakamizwa, ngenxa yemiphumela yazo enobuthi, zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe, ngenxa yalokho ukwenziwa kwe-insulin kunciphisa noma kuyeke.
Uhlu lungahlanganiswa nalezi zinto ezilandelayo: i-autoimmune pathologies, ukucindezelwa okungapheli kanye nokuxinana kwemizwa, indlela yokuphila yempilo, ukungondleki nokuningi.
Izimpawu zohlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela esincike kakhulu hhayi kuphela kuhlobo lwesifo, kodwa futhi nasenkambweni yesifundo salo, ukuba khona kwezinkinga ezingezinhle ezivela ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nezitho zangaphakathi.
Izimpawu zohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela:
- Umile njalo, umlomo owomile.
- Indlala (ngisho nangemva kokudla), ukugcwala kwenhliziyo kanye nokuhlanza.
- Ukuchama kaningi, ukulimaza okubukwayo.
- Ubuhlungu esiswini, ukukhathala okungenasizathu.
- Iphunga eliyinqayizivele elivela emlonyeni.
Lapho kutholakala uhlobo lokuqala lokugula, isiguli sinqunywa ngokushesha i-insulin therapy. Ngamazwi alula, udinga ukujova i-insulin nsuku zonke ukuze alawule amazinga kashukela emzimbeni.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hormone ezihlukile esikhathini sokuvezwa kwazo.
Umthamo nohlobo lomuthi kubekwa ngawodwana, ngokususelwa "kulesipiliyoni" se-pathology, inhlala-kahle yesiguli, kanye noshukela.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: izimpawu nokwelashwa
Uhlobo lwesibili lokugula luhlukile kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala ngoba kokuqala kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-hormone emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekuqaleni kwentuthuko yesifo, amangqamuzana angakhiqiza inani elanele le-insulin, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza kwawo kuyancipha.
Ngamagama alula, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 sivezwa yilokhu okulandelayo: i-pancreas ihlala iqinile, kepha umzimba womuntu ulahlekelwa umuzwa wayo we-insulin, ngoba ama-receptors ama-hormone kumaseli ayaphazamiseka.
Isizathu esikhulu sohlobo lwesibili izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi ngobudala, ukubekezelela ushukela kukhubazeka kunoma imuphi umuntu. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ayiqhubeki, kepha uma kunokuvela kofuzo, ukugula kuyavela.
Uhlu lwezizathu lungafakelwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala, ukudla ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate, indlela yokuphila engalungile.
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela lubonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- I-excretion yenani elikhulu lomchamo.
- Isifiso esingapheli sokuphuza, umlomo owomile.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla ngokubhekene nesizinda sokukhula komzimba.
- Izifo zesikhumba ezivame ukwenzeka.
- Ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki, ukukhathala okungapheli.
Kubukeka sengathi izimpawu ziyafana nohlobo lokuqala lwesifo. Kepha umehluko ulele ekutheni ngohlobo lwesibili, kukhiqizwa i-insulin, yize kuncane, ngakho-ke izinqubo ze-metabolic ziphazamiseka kancane.
Kulokhu, umuntu angeke asole isikhathi eside ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kuqala ngokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Isiguli kufanele silandele ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukulawula ushukela wegazi.
Uma lezi zinyathelo zingasizi, kunikezwa amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela.
Siyini isifo sikashukela seLada?
Isifo sikashukela se-Lada siyindlela "efihlekile" yesifo sikashukela se-autoimmune kubantu abadala. Uma kutholakala isiguli, khona-ke ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunqunywa ngokushesha.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuqukethwe ushukela omningi emzimbeni, amaseli e-pancreatic ahlukana kumuntu, ngenxa yalokho kuvela kwezinqubo ze-autoimmune. Ezimweni eziningi ezinkulu, isifo sikashukela se-Lada sibhekwa ezigulini ezisukela eminyakeni engama-35 kuye kwengama-45.
Isifo se-Lada sifana nohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, olubonakala ngokuhamba kancane kancane kwalesi sifo. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-pathology iqiniso lokuthi izinsiza ezifakwayo ziyafa, ngenxa yalokho, ama-hormone emzimbeni awasakhiqizwa.
Uma uqhathanisa le ndlela yalesi sifo nezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, kufana nohlobo lwesibili, kufaka namaqhinga okwelashwa. Lesi simo se-pathological singalawulwa isikhathi eside ngokudla okufanele kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Isifo sikashukela se-Lada sivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala, noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezijwayelekile nazo zingabonakala:
- Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, umuzwa ongapheli wokukhathala.
- Indlala, ukoma.
- Ukuqina kwesikhumba.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezijwayelekile.
Isifo sikashukela salolu hlobo singasolwa kumuntu oneminyaka engama-40-60, okuthi lesi sifo sihambisane nesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile kanye nokungabikho komfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukusungula ukuxilongwa, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okuhlukile, kwenziwa izifundo zesibalo sama-antibodies ku-GAD. Yikhona ukuba khona kwabo okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology.
ISifo Sikashukela SAMANSI: Izici Ehlukile
I-MOD sikashukela luhlobo oluthile lwesifo sikashukela. Izimpawu zayo nenkambo akuhambisani nohlobo lwesifo sokuqala noma lwesibili.
Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela se-Mody sisho ukuthi: lapho ingane yobudala besenkulisa inyusa ushukela emzimbeni iba amayunithi ayi-8, kuyilapho le nto eyenzeka emzimbeni ibonakala kaningana, kepha ingane izwa kahle, azikho ezinye izimpawu.
Le ndlela yalesi sifo inezici eziningi ezihlukile. Okokuqala, lesi sifo sibonakaliswa yisigaba eside sokuxolelwa, ngenkathi kungabikho ukubola kwesifo. Emsebenzini wezokwelapha, kunegama elisho into enjalo - "i-honeymoon".
Okwesibili, amaseli e-pancreatic agcina ukusebenza kwawo ngokuphelele, futhi izinga le-C-peptide emzimbeni lingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile.
Ezinye izici ezihlukanisayo zingahlukaniswa:
- Uma wethula umthamo omncane we-hormone, khona-ke ukuvezwa isinxephezelo esihle kakhulu se-pathology.
- I-glycated hemoglobin ayidluli amayunithi ayi-8.
- Ama-antibodies kumaseli we-pancreatic awabhekwa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uMody utholakala enesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokungabaza ezimweni lapho isiguli sinezihlobo ezisondelene kakhulu eziye zatholakala: isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, isifo sikashukela, isimo se-hyperglycemic, ukubekezelela ushukela.
Udokotela ohambelayo angasola lolu hlobo oluthile lwe-pathology uma isiguli esingaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 sinokuxilongwa kwe-T2DM, kepha sinesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile.
Njengoba isifo seModi siqhubeka kancane, kunconywa ukwelashwa, njengohlobo lwesibili lokugula. Nikeza ukudla, ukusebenza kahle komzimba.
Ukusebenza kwezokwelapha kukhombisa ukuthi uma unamathela kule miyalelo, ungafinyelela okuhle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isinxephezelo esisheshayo ngalesi sifo.
Imiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela uqobo akuyona into eyingozi empilweni yomuntu. Kodwa-ke, uyakwazi ukudonsa izinkinga ezinkulu kanye nemiphumela elimazayo enciphisa kakhulu impilo yempilo yesiguli, futhi kungaholela ekufeni.
Ngalesi sifo, i-glycemic coma ingenzeka futhi, njengomthetho, i-Symbomatology yengqungquthela enjalo inyuka ngejubane lombani. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi okuzayo kungukudideka, ukuvimbela isiguli.
Ebuningini bezithombe zemitholampilo, isiguli sitholakala sine-ketoacidotic coma. Lesi simo se-pathological sisuselwa ekuqongeleleni kwezinto ezinobuthi ezithinta kabi ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Kuneminye imiphumela yesifo sikashukela:
- Ukuvuvukala. I-Edema ingenziwa endaweni eyodwa, futhi ingasakazekela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, futhi konke lokhu kuya ngesilinganiso sokwephulwa kohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Ngokuvamile, uphawu olunjalo lukhombisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinso.
- I-Arterial hypertension noma i-hypotension. Izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi yizindlela zokuqina kobunzima balesi sifo.
- Ubuhlungu emaphethelweni aphansi bungakhombisa ukwephulwa kokuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni.
- Ukwakheka kwezilonda ezilinganiselwe. Le nkinga ingumphumela wezinhlungu ezindaweni eziphansi. Uma unenkinga enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola zonke izinkomba ukuze ukhethe iqhinga elifanele lokwelapha futhi ulondoloze umlenze.
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo. Izimpawu zokuqala ukuncipha kombono, izinto ezifiphele, inkungu phambi kwamehlo. Uma ungasinaki lesi simo, ubumpumputhe obugcwele kungenzeka.
Enye inkinga enkulu ye-pathology yi-gangrene yamaphethelo aphansi, ngenxa yokuthi kuthinteka imithambo yegazi emincane nemincane, futhi izitho zingenalo igazi nomoya-mpilo.
Ngeshwa, izinguquko azinakuguqulwa, futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokusiza isiguli ukunqunywa. Izinga elilungile lokunqunywa lithathwa njengeliseduze.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, umuntu angahamba uma kufakwa ama-prostheses anamuhla okusebenza.
Ukwelashwa okuphelele kwesifo sikashukela: kungenzeka?
Akumangazi ukuthi abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi ngabe isifo sikashukela singaphela ngokuphelele. Okwamanje, lolu daba lubhekwa njengolucashile. Inkinga ukuthi kunzima ukubuyisa obekuvele kulahlekile.
Ukuhlukile kungafaka ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwesibili lokugula, ezisabela kahle ekwelashweni kokudla. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ngisho nakulesi simo, lokhu ngeke kubizwe njengekhambi eliphelele lesifo, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyomelwe unamathele kwendlela entsha yokuphila.
Ngokusekelwe kwimithombo yezokwelapha esemthethweni, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zikashukela azelapheki. Ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, i-insulin, amaphilisi ukwehlisa ushukela, izindlela zokudla nokuzivocavoca ushukela, ungafumana isinxephezelo esihle, kepha hhayi ikhambi eliphelele.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi indlela entsha yokuphila inguna phakade. Ukubuyela emuva okuncane kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sifo siqala ukuthuthuka, izinkinga ziqala ukwenzeka, okuholela ekutheni sisongele ngqo impilo yesiguli.
Isifo sikashukela kuyindlela engapheli futhi engalapheki edinga ikhono eliphezulu kusuka kudokotela, futhi nakwisiguli - ukunamathela ngokuqinile kukho konke ukuncoma nezindlela zokwelapha.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, kunikezwa izincomo zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela.
