Uhlobo 2 sikashukela yisifo esizimele. Noma kunjalo, izinto zanamuhla ziphoqa abantu ukuthi bakhombise inzalo eyengeziwe kuhlobo 2 sikashukela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa, ngoba cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ezifo zesifo sikashukela ziwela ohlotsheni lwesibili.
Lesi yisifo se-endocrine esihambisana nokwehla kwezwela lomzimba we-insulin. Ngenxa yalokho, i-metabolism yama-carbohydrate iyaphazamiseka futhi nezinga le-glucose kumuntu liyanda.
Umhlaba wonke uphethwe yilesi sifo, ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela asaziwa njengesiwubhubhane sekhulu le-XXI.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo namaqembu anobungozi
Ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukubona ukuthi kungani amaseli omuntu nezicubu kungaphenduli ngokuphelele ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezifundo eziningi, bakwazile ukukhomba izinto eziphambili ezandisa amathuba okuthola lesi sifo:
- Ukwephula isizinda se-hormonal ngesikhathi sokuthomba, okuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwehomoni.
- Ngokweqile, okuholela ekwandeni kashukela wegazi nokufakwa kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okubangela isifo se-atherosclerosis.
- Ubulili bomuntu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abesifazane kungenzeka babe nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
- Ubuhlanga. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sikhonjiswe saba ngaphezulu kwe-30% emjahweni omnyama.
- Isizungu. Uma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, bayoba nokukhula kwengane ka-60-70% ezinganeni zabo. Kumawele ngamacala angama-58-65%, lesi sifo sikhula ngasikhathi sinye, kumawele ngamacala ayi-16-30%.
- Ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwesibindi nge-cirrhosis, i-hemochromatosis, njll.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwamaseli we-beta wamanyikwe.
- Imithi enikezwa ama-beta-blockers, antipsychotic atypical, glucocorticoids, thiazides, njll.
- Isikhathi sokuzala ingane. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izicubu zomzimba zizwela kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ngemuva kokubeletha siyahamba, ezimweni ezingavamile, siba uhlobo 2 sikashukela.
- Imikhuba emibi - ukubhema osebenzayo futhi okwenzayo, utshwala.
- Ukudla okungenampilo.
- Indlela yokuphila engasebenzi.
Iqembu elibeka engcupheni ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo lifaka phakathi abantu:
- ngekusasa eliyindlalifa;
- Obese
- ukuthatha njalo i-glucocorticoids;
- ngokwakhiwa kwamabala;
- ehlushwa izifo - I-Itsenko-Cushing (i-adrenal gland tumor) ne-acromegaly (isimila sepituiti);
- ehlushwa i-atherossteosis, i-angina pectoris, umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- ngezifo zokwaliwa, isibonelo, i-eczema, i-neurodermatitis, njll;
- ngokwanda koshukela wegazi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, ukutheleleka noma ukukhulelwa;
Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka abesifazane abake bakhulelwa i-pathological noma isisindo sengane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngaphezu kwe-4 kg.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ngokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izimpawu nokwelashwa kufana kakhulu nezimpawu nokwelashwa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1. Imvamisa, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zivela kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emva kweminyaka embalwa (uhlobo lokugula).
Lapho ubheka kuqala, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 azifani nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kepha noma kunjalo kunomehluko. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kumuntu, izimpawu:
- Ukomela okukhulu, isifiso esiqhubekayo sokudambisa isidingo. Ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezinjalo kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda komthwalo ezinso, okufanele kususe umzimba ushukela owedlulele. Njengoba bangenawo amanzi ale nqubo, baqala ukuthatha uketshezi kwizicubu.
- Ukukhathala, ukucasuka, isiyezi. Njengoba i-glucose iyinto yamandla, ukuntuleka kwayo kuholela ekuntuleni kwamandla kumaseli nezicubu zomzimba. Isiyezi sihambisana nomsebenzi wobuchopho, owokuqala ukuhlupheka ngenani elilinganiselwe le-glucose egazini.
- Ukulimazeka okubukwayo okuvusa ukukhula kwesifo - i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Ukwephulwa kokusebenza kokusebenza kwemikhumbi ezinhlamvini zamehlo kwenzeka, ngakho-ke, uma kuvela amabala amnyama nezinye iziphikiso esithombeni, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Indlala, ngisho nenqwaba yokudla.
- Ukomisa emgodini womlomo.
- Yehla kusisindo semisipha.
- Isikhumba esidlakadlaka nemiseleni.
Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside kwalesi sifo, izimpawu zinganda.
Iziguli zingahle zikhononde ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, njengokutheleleka kwemvubelo, izinhlungu nokuvuvukala kwemilenze, ukuqina kwemilenze kanye nokwelashwa kwesilonda isikhathi eside.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo
Izinkinga eziningi zingabangelwa ukwehluleka ukuthola izondlamzimba ezifanele, imikhuba emibi, indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okungafanele. Isiguli singathola izifo ezinjalo nemiphumela yohlobo 2 sikashukela:
- Isifo sikashukela sikashukela (hypersmolar), esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela esiphuthumayo futhi sivuseleleke.
- I-Hypoglycemia - ukwehla okubukhali kwe-glucose yegazi.
- IPolyneuropathy iwukuwohloka kokuzwela kwemilenze nezingalo ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwemikhawulo yezinzwa nemithambo yegazi.
- I-retinopathy yisifo esithinta i-retina futhi iholele ekuthambekeni kwayo.
- Umkhuhlane ojwayelekile noma i-SARS ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lomzimba lokuzivikela.
- Isifo se-Periodontal yisifo sezinsini esihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi kanye ne-carbohydrate metabolism.
- Ukuba khona kwezilonda ezi-trophic ngenxa yokuphulukiswa isikhathi eside kwamanxeba nokukhahlela.
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile kwabesilisa, kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-15 ngaphambili kunontanga. Amathuba okuvela kwawo aqala ku-20 kuye ku-85%.
Ngokusekelwe kokushiwo ngenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kufanele sitholakale kusenesikhathi.
Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo
Ukubheka ubukhona noma ukungabikho kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, udinga ukuphumelela olunye uvivinyo amahlandla amaningi - isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela noma isifundo se-plasma esiswini esingenalutho. Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhathi esisodwa kungahle kungakhombisi mphumela ofanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angadla amaswidi amaningi noma abe novalo, ngakho-ke izinga likashukela lizonyuka. Kepha lokhu ngeke kuhambisane nentuthuko yalesi sifo.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kunquma ukuthi ingakanani i-glucose esegazini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuphuza amanzi (300 ml), ngemuva kokuncibilikisa ushukela kuyo (75 g). Ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, kuhlaziywa, uma uthola umphumela ongaphezulu kuka-11.1 mmol / l, ungakhuluma ngesifo sikashukela.
Ucwaningo lwe-plasma glucose likhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyper- kanye ne-hypoglycemia. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho ekuseni. Lapho uthola imiphumela, okujwayelekile kumuntu omdala kubhekwa njengamanani ahlukene kusuka ku-3.9 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L, izwe eliphakathi nendawo (prediabetes) - kusuka ku-5.6 kuye ku-6.9 mmol / L, isifo sikashukela mellitus - kusuka ku-7 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu.
Iziguli eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zinedivayisi ekhethekile yokunquma okuqukethwe ushukela - i-glucometer. Izinga le-glucose kumele linqunywe okungenani kathathu ngosuku (ekuseni, ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokudla nakusihlwa).
Ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo enamathiselwe.
Iziphakamiso zokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi, udinga ukuthuthukisa indlela yakho yokuphila.
Udokotela ohambelayo uvame ukunquma inkambo yokwelashwa, ecabanga ngezimpawu zesiguli ngasinye.
Isifo esinjengesifo sikashukela mellitus 4 amaphuzu agunyaziwe kumele sibhekwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Lawa maphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukudla okufanele. Kwabanesifo sikashukela, udokotela unquma ukudla okukhethekile. Imvamisa ifaka imifino nezithelo, ukudla okuqukethe i-fiber nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi. Kufanele uyeke amaswidi, amakhekhe, imikhiqizo yokubhaka nenyama ebomvu.
- Inhlanganisela yokuphumula nokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca. Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo i-panacea, ikakhulukazi yesifo sikashukela. Ungenza i-yoga, ugijime ekuseni noma uhambe nje uhamba ngezinyawo.
- Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela. Ezinye iziguli zingenza ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa, zibheke ukudla okhethekile nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Ukuzelapha ngokwenqatshelwe, udokotela kuphela ongakunikeza izidakamizwa ezithile, ezibonisa umthamo ofanele.
- Ukuqapha njalo kwamazinga kashukela, isiguli sizokwazi ukuvimba i-hypo- noma i-hyperglycemia.
Ukubona lezi zidingo kuphela, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kuzosebenza, futhi nesimo sesiguli sizothuthuka.
Ukwenza ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, iningi leziguli liyazibuza ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo okufanele iphuzwe. Namuhla, ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela, umuthi wanamuhla usuthuthukile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi awukwazi ukuzibandakanya nokuzelapha. Udokotela angakunquma:
- Imithi ekhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin - Diabeteson, Amaril, Tolbutamide, Novonorm, Glipizid. Iningi labantu abasebasha futhi abavuthiwe bavame ukubekezelela lezi zimali, kepha ukubukezwa kwabantu asebekhulile akukuhle kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, isidakamizwa esivela kulolu chungechunge singadala ukungezwani komzimba nokulimala kwe-adrenal gland.
- I-ejenti eyehlisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose emathunjini. Ithebhulethi ngayinye yezidakamizwa kulolu chungechunge iqukethe into esebenzayo - i-metformin. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Gliformin, i-Insufor, uFomu Pliva, iDiaformin. Isenzo sezidakamizwa sihlose ukuqinisa ukuhlanganiswa koshukela esibindini kanye nokwandisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ku-insulin.
- I-Glycosidase inhibitors, efaka i-acarbose. Umuthi uthinta ama-enzyme asiza ukuphula ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze abe noshukela, awavimbe. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinqubo zokufaka i-glucose zivinjelwe.
- I-Fenofibrate ingumuthi osebenzisa ama-alpha receptors ukuze unciphise ukuqhubeka kwe-atherosclerosis. Lesi sidakamizwa siqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi, sithuthukise ukuhamba kwegazi futhi sivimbele ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu njenge-retinopathy kanye nephropathy.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa okunjalo kuyancipha. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ohambelayo angakunquma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke i-insulin inqunyelwe ukunxephezela ushukela wegazi.
Amakhambi esifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Umuthi wendabuko ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ungasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nenkambo eyinhloko yokwelapha.
Kuqinisa ukungatheleleki kweziguli futhi akunayo imiphumela emibi.
Izindlela zokupheka ezilandelayo zizosiza ekuqiniseni okuqukethwe kwakho ushukela:
- Ukufakwa kwegxolo le-aspen kuyikhambi eliphumelelayo esigabeni sokuqala sikashukela. Emanzini abilayo (0.5 l) phonsa isipuni segxolo, ubilise imizuzu engaba ngu-15 bese upholile. Isilinganiso esinjalo kufanele sithathwe 50 ml ngaphambi kokudla kathathu ngosuku.
- "Isiphuzo esikhethekile sabashukela", esifakazelwe izizukulwane eziningi. Ukuze ulungiselele, udinga amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka owomile, amaqabunga obhontshisi nezimpande ze-burdock, 15 mg lilinye. Hlanganisa bese uthela zonke izithako ngamanzi abilayo, shiya cishe amahora ayi-10. I-decoction idakwa kathathu ngosuku izinkomishi eziyi-0.5. Inkambo yokwelashwa yinyanga eyi-1, bese kuthi ikhefu lenzelwe amasonto ama-2.
- I-Cinnamon decoction umuthi omuhle ohlukile wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, othuthukisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukufaka i-insulin futhi uqede ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Ukulungiselela ukumnika, uthele amanzi abilayo isipuni sesinamoni, ugcizelele isigamu sehora, bese ufaka izipuni ezi-2 zoju uhlanganise kahle. Umuthi kufanele uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emibili - ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-kefir ngesinamoni ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isifo sikashukela siphathwa kanjani, ungabona isithombe nevidiyo esitshela ngokuningiliziwe ngohlobo 2 sikashukela.
Kuze kube manje, umuthi wanamuhla awunikezezi impendulo yombuzo wokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singalashwa kanjani ukuqeda ngokuphelele. Ngeshwa, lokhu kungukuxilonga impilo yonke. Kepha ukwazi ukuthi uluhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela olunjani, izimpawu zalo nokwelashwa kwalo sifo, ungaphila impilo ephelele.
Isazi sevidiyo esikulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezimpawu nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
