Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, i-pancreas iyaphazamiseka, ukutholakala kwezicubu zomzimba kwi-insulin ye-hormone kuyancipha. I-pathology efanayo ivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuqukethe ngokuthatha umuthi onciphisa ushukela, futhi udokotela ubuye anikeze indlela ekhethekile yokudla okwenzelwe kanye nesethi yokuzivocavoca umzimba. Isifo sikashukela okokuqala sidinga ukubhekisisa kabusha indlela yakho yokuphila, iguqule izondlamzimba kanye nokwandisa umsebenzi we-motor.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile, amaphilisi anciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini ayabekwa. Umuthi ubuyisela ukwanda kwezicubu kwi-hormone, wehlise izinga lokufakwa kwe-insulin emathunjini, wehlise ukukhiqizwa kashukela ngamangqamuzana esibindi, futhi ibuyise i-cholesterol ejwayelekile.
Ukunciphisa Isifo Sikashukela
Yonke imishanguzo yokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana ngokuya ngesisekelo sezenzo zabo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-biguanides, i-sulfanilurea derivatives, ama-insretin, i-alpha glucosidase inhibitors, i-thiazolidinone derivatives, i-dipeptidyl peptidiase 4 inhibitors, i-GLP-1 receptor agonists.
AmaBiguanides enza amangqamuzana asemaphethelweni atheleleke kakhulu kwi-insulin, anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone, futhi enze inkambiso yejwayelekile ibe yimbi. Lokhu kufaka amaphilisi uSiofor noMetformin. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, isifo sikashukela sinciphisa isisindo, i-lipid metabolism ijwayelekile. Umuthi uvame ukubanga imiphumela emibi yohlelo lokugaya olunolaka, ngakho-ke umuthi uthathwa kumthamo olinganiselwe kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela.
Imvamisa, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela siphathwa nge-sulfonylurea derivatives - amalungiselelo Chlorpropamide, Starlix, Glimepiride, Tolbutamide, Diabeteson. Izidakamizwa ezinjengalezi zikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ngamaseli we-pancreas futhi kwehlise amandla okuthi izicubu zithathe i-insulin. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zingaqeda ama-pancreas, ngakho-ke uma umthamo ungalungile, kuholela ku-hypoglycemia.
- Imithi Insulinotropic polyptipid ne-Enteroglucagon ihlukaniswa ubukhona be-incretin - ama-hormone esistimu yokugaya ukudla, umkhiqizo wawo owenzeka ngemuva kokuba umuntu edlile. La mahormone akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe. Ngobudala, le mpahla yamaseli iyancipha kumuntu, baphendukela kwizidakamizwa ukubuyisela lo msebenzi.
- Ama-inhibitors we-Alpha-glucosidase awavumeli ama-carbohydrate ukuthi afakwe emathunjini amancane, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise i-glycemia ngemuva kokudla futhi anciphise isidingo sokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. IGlucobai, Mig Migol, Acarbose, amaphilisi we-Voglibosis anikezwa njengomuthi owengeziwe.
- Ngenxa yokususelwa kwe-thiazolidinone, ukumelana kwama-insulin receptors kuyanda, ushukela wegazi uyancipha, i-lipid metabolism iyabuyiselwa, ukuhoxiswa kwe-glucose eyeqile emzimbeni kushesha. Izinga eliphakeme neliphansi le-cholesterol compounds nalo liyanda. Abadume kakhulu yiPioglitazone neRosiglitazone. Leli qembu lezidakamizwa libangela imiphumela emibi eminingi futhi landisa isisindo somzimba.
- Ukwandisa impendulo yamangqamuzana pancreas kuya kushukela, kusetshenziswa i-hemoglobin ephansi ne-triglycerides egazini, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa ngezithintelo ze-dipeptidyl peptidiasis 4. Ngosizo lweSitagliptin, iVildagliptin, isifo sikashukela singalawula i-glycemia. Umuthi uthathwa zombili ngokuzimela futhi uhlanganiswe ne-Metformin.
- Ukulawula isifiso sakho sokudla, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuntu onesifo sikashukela ukuthi athathe ama-agonists angama-GLP-1 receptor agonists. Lesi sidakamizwa sigcwalisa umzimba ngokushesha futhi akuvumeli ukweqisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisindo sesiguli siyancipha futhi ama-glycemic indices ajwayelekile. Imithi yaleli qembu ifaka izixazululo zomjovo weViktoz neBaeta, intengo yazo iphakeme impela futhi ifinyelela kuma-ruble ayi-10,000.
Ngokusho komgomo wokusebenza, izidakamizwa zingahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: izidakamizwa ezithinta izitolo zamaLangerhans kanye nama-pancreas ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin, izidakamizwa ezikhulisa umphumela we-hormone kushukela nakwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ezithinta izinga lokufakwa kweglucose.
Umphumela kumanyikwe
Izidakamizwa ezithinta ama-pancreas ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukwenziwa kwe-insulin zihlanganisa iManinil, Diabeteson, Glyurenorm, Amaril.
UManinil ucasula ama-pancreas ukukhipha inani elikhulu kakhulu le-hormone elidingekayo ukuze ushukela ongena emzimbeni ngokudla ungenwe ngokushesha. Lesi sidakamizwa kwesinye isikhathi sibangela ukungahambi kahle, sibekwa uphawu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane kanye neziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
I-Diabeteson isebenza ngokunethezeka, isiza ukuvikela imithambo yegazi futhi isebenze esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Umuthi unesibalo esikhulu semiphumela emibi ngesimo sekhanda, i-hypoglycemia, sinciphise isikhathi sokunakwa, sehlisa ukusabela, ukudana, ukulahlekelwa ukuzithiba. Umuthi uyaphulwa ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ngezifo zesibindi nezinso.
- IGlurenorm ibekelwe asebekhulile futhi ingathathelwa izifo zezifo. Kuyasiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okusebenzayo. Umphumela omkhulu kwenzeka ihora ngemuva kokudla. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ngendlela ye-leukopenia, i-thrombocytopenia, ikhanda, isiyezi, ukozela, ukukhathala, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, umuthi uphambene.
- I-Amaryl iyindlela ephumelelayo yesizukulwane sokugcina. Umuthi unomphumela owenzeka isikhathi eside futhi usiza ekwehliseni ubungozi be-hypoglycemia. Contraindication ifaka uhlobo 1 sikashukela.
Isenzo se-insulin esithuthukisiwe
Izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa isenzo se-hormone zifaka iSiofor neMetformin. Le mishanguzo ayithinti ama-pancreas, kepha yandisa umsebenzi we-insulin, inciphisa ukumunca ushukela namafutha aphuma emathunjini. Siza i-glucose ukuthi igxile ngokushesha.
Amathebulethi eSiofor anciphisa ushukela wegazi, anciphise isisindo futhi asize ngokukhuluphala. Umuthi uphambaniswe nonyawo sikashukela, i-hypoglycemia, uphuzo oludakayo, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphuza umuthi, umuntu onesifo sikashukela angakuzwa ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni wakhe nobuhlungu besisu.
I-Metformin ibhekwa njenge-hypoglycemic ephumelelayo; ithathwa ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Ukuthatha umuthi kuphambene nokuhluleka kwezinso nokuqina kwesibindi, ukukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela, i-ketoacidosis, izifo ezinzima, i-hypersensitivity, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ukuvalwa kwe-glucose Okuthuthukisiwe
Ukwenza inqubo ejwayelekile yokufakwa emzimbeni futhi inciphise ushukela wegazi, owakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhekeka kokudla, udokotela unquma ukuthatha i-Acarbose ne-Glucobay. Lawa mathebhulethi angadala imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene nge-dysbiosis, cholecystitis, inqubo yokuvuvukala esiswini namathumbu.
I-Acarbose inethonya le-hypoglycemic. Umuthi uphambaniswe ne-cirrhosis, i-ketoacidosis, i-pathology yezitho zokugaya ukudla, umsebenzi we-renal ophazamisekile, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa. Imiphumela emibi ngendlela yesifo sohudo kanye ne-flatulence kungenzeka.
I-Glucobai isiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela ngemuva kokudla, umuthi ubekiwe njengendlela eyengeziwe ekudleni okwelaphayo. Umuthi awukwazi ukuthathwa ngezifo zamathumbu, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhipha isisu.
Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu onesifo sikashukela angathola ukuthobeka nesisa esiswini.
Izidakamizwa ezintsha
Namuhla, i-Intanethi ikhangisa kabanzi ngezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ezisusa ushukela ngomchamo. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu umuthi weFarmiga wesifo sikashukela, iFarsida, iForbinol.
Le mishanguzo inezibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle ezivela kubasebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kodokotela, awudingi ukukholelwa lezi zincomi. Iqiniso ngukuthi okwamanje azikho izidakamizwa ezingalapha ngokuphelele ukungasebenzi kwengulube.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zesimanje eziphakanyisiwe zinenombolo enkulu ye-contraindication. Ikakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekuthelelekeni kwegciwane lomchamo, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaqala ukwehluleka kwezinso.
Izidakamizwa azinayo imiyalo ephelele, okuyinkomba yekhwalithi emibi yezimpahla. Ngezindleko, le mishanguzo ayitholakali kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokutshela okuningi ngezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela.
