Lapho bethi "ushukela emzimbeni" kusho ukugcwala kwe-glucose ku-plasma of the biological fluid (igazi). Amayunithi kashukela 5.5 - lokhu kujwayelekile, leli nani lisebenza njengomkhawulo ophezulu wesilinganiso. Umkhawulo ophansi amayunithi angama-3.3.
Ushukela kumuntu yinto enjalo, ngaphandle kwawo umzimba ngeke usebenze ngokuphelele. Ukuphela kwendlela yokungena emzimbeni nokudla okudliwayo ngumuntu.
I-glucose ingena ohlelweni lokujikeleza ngesibindi nangomgudu wesisu, igazi elinegazi lithwala ushukela emzimbeni wonke, kusukela ezinzwaneni liye ebuchosheni.
Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba zikashukela ezithathwa njengezijwayelekile lapho kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sikashukela? Futhi uthole ukuthi ushukela ophezulu ulimaza kanjani umzimba womuntu?
Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokujwayelekile
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuhlushwa kwe-glucose emzimbeni ziye zaziwa ngokuzijwayeza isikhathi eside. Futhi bakhonjwa indlela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho kwahlolwa izinkulungwane zabantu abanempilo nabanesifo sikashukela.
Ukukhuluma ohlangothini olusemthethweni, khona-ke kumuntu ophilile ukujwayelekile kwezinkomba zoshukela kuhlukile, futhi kuya ngeminyaka, kepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, indlela evumelekile, nayo ihlukile.
Ngaphandle kokungafani okunjalo, kunconywa ukuthi wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela afune ukuthola izinkomba zomuntu onempilo. Kungani kunjalo? Eqinisweni, emzimbeni womuntu ngokumelene nesizinda soshukela emayunithi ayi-6.0, izinkinga sezivele zikhula.
Ngokuqinisekile, inqubo yokuthuthuka kwezinkinga eziningi ihamba kancane, futhi akunangqondo ukuyichaza. Kepha iqiniso lokuthi akanakuphikwa. Futhi njengoba izinkambiso ziphakeme kancane kwabanesifo sikashukela, khona-ke amathuba abo okuthola imiphumela emibi akhuphuka nakancane.
Ngokuphathelene nalolo lwazi, singaphetha ngokuthi uma isiguli sifuna ukukhipha izinkinga ezinokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo, kufanele silwele ukuthola izinkomba ezijwayelekile zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye sizigcina zisezingeni elidingakalayo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kumuntu ophilile futhi onesifo sikashukela kunokujwayelekile ushukela, ngakho-ke, sibheka ngokuqhathanisa amanani:
- Kumuntu ophile saka, ushukela wegazi akufanele abe ngaphezu kwama-5,5 amayunithi, futhi kwabanesifo sikashukela, umehluko ojwayelekile usukela kumayunithi angama-5.0 kuya kwangama-7.2.
- Ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela, umuntu ophilile unenkomba kashukela ofinyelela kumayunithi angama-7,8, kanti onesifo sikashukela kufanele abe amayunithi afinyelela kwayi-10.
- I-Glycated hemoglobin kumuntu ophile kahle ifinyelela ku-5.4%, kanti esigulini esigula isifo sikashukela esingaphansi kuka-7%.
Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi amazinga asemthethweni kashukela we-diabetics ashibhile ngokweqile. Kungani kunjalo, phendula umbuzo awunakwenzeka.
Kepha nge-ushukela wezifo ezinoshukela, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulwele inani elitshengwayo okungenani lamayunithi ayi-6,0 ngemuva kokudla nasesiswini esingenalutho.
Futhi leli nani kungenzeka ukulifinyelela uma udla ukudla okune-carb ephansi.
Izici zokuhlaziya ushukela
Ushukela wegazi, ikakhulukazi inkomba encane, ubonwa kubantu esiswini esingenalutho, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokudla. Ngemuva kokudla isikhathi eside esithile, inqubo yokwembiwa kokudla ivezwa, phakathi lapho izakhi eza nakho kuvela egazini lomuntu.
Kulokhu, kukhona ukwanda koshukela wegazi. Lapho umuntu ephilile ngokuphelele, i-carbohydrate metabolism yayo kanye nezinye izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni zisebenza ngokujwayelekile, khona-ke ushukela ukhuphuka kancane, futhi lokhu kwanda kuhlale isikhathi esifushane.
Umzimba womuntu uqobo ulawula ukugcwala kweglucose. Uma ushukela ukhuphuka ngemuva kokudla, amanyikwe athola isibonakaliso sokuthi udinga ukwaba inani elidingekayo le-insulin ye-hormone, yona esiza ushukela ukuthi lungene ezingeni lamaselula.
Esimweni lapho kunokuntuleka kwe-hormone (uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela) noma i-insulin "isebenza kabi" (uhlobo 2 sikashukela), khona-ke ukwanda koshukela ngemuva kokudla kulungiselelwe amahora ama-2 noma ngaphezulu.
Futhi lokhu kuyingozi ngempela, ngoba kunomthwalo owandayo ezinzwa ze-opic, izinso, isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi, kanye nobuchopho. Futhi okuyingozi kakhulu yizimo "ezinhle" zokukhula okungazelelwe kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi.
Cabanga ngokuhlola ushukela wegazi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose esiswini esingenalutho: lokhu kuhlaziywa kunconywa ekuseni kuze kube kusasa, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli singadli okungenani amahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kwaso.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose susceptibility. Ubumfihlo bocwaningo bulele ekutheni isiguli sithatha uketshezi lwe-biological esiswini esingenalutho, ngemuva kwalokho simnikeze isisombululo lapho kunesilinganiso esithile se-glucose. Ngemuva kokuthatha igazi futhi ngemuva kwehora elilodwa nambili.
- Ukutadisha i-glycated hemoglobin kubonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo ekuvumela ukuthi ulawule isifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kwaso, futhi sikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe uhlobo lwakamuva lwesifo sikashukela, isimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Ucwaningo olunjalo alwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane.
Uhlu lungahlinzekelwa nge "glucose test amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla." Lokhu kuhlaziya okubalulekile okuvame ukwenziwa iziguli ngokwazo ekhaya. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuthi ngabe umthamo we-hormone wakhethwa kahle ngaphambi kokudla.
Ukuhlolwa kwesisu okungenalutho kuwukukhetha okungalungile ukuthola isifo "esimnandi".
Inketho engcono kakhulu yokuphika noma yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo sitholile, yi-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Iglucose “ilawulwa” kanjani?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umzimba womuntu uyindlela yokuzilawula esekela ngokuzimele umsebenzi ogcwele wonke amalungu angaphakathi nezinhlelo, olawula ushukela, umfutho wegazi nezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile.
Uma konke kuvamile, khona-ke umzimba uzohlala ulondolozela ushukela wegazi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo edingekayo, okungukuthi, kusukela kumayunithi angama-3,3 kuya kwangama-5.5. Ekhuluma ngalezinkomba, kungaphikiswa ukuthi lawa amanani afanele ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwanoma yimuphi umuntu.
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziyazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ziphile ngendlela ejwayelekile ngisho nangamanani aphezulu wokuhlaselwa koshukela emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho zimpawu, lokhu akusho ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
Ushukela omningi emzimbeni, obonwa isikhathi eside, cishe u-100% okungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa kunezinkinga ezinje ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela nohlobo 1:
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo.
- Izinkinga zezinso.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela kwemikhawulo engezansi.
Isifo sikashukela singaba noshukela wegazi ophakeme kuphela, kodwa futhi sibe yisimo se-hypoglycemic, okungukuthi, ukwehla ngokweqile kwe-glucose emzimbeni. Futhi ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka okunjalo kwe-pathological kuyinhlekelele emzimbeni.
Ingqondo ayiyithandi uma kunoshukela omncane ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Kulokhu, umbuso we-hypoglycemic ubonakala ngezimpawu ezinjengalezi: ukwesaba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo, indlala engapheli, ukungaphatheki kahle okungenasizathu.
Lapho ushukela wehla ngaphansi kwamayunithi angama-2.2, isiguli singawela enkingeni, futhi uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, khona-ke amathuba okuba umphumela obulalayo ubonakala uphezulu impela.
Izimpawu nokulimala ushukela ophezulu
Esikhathini esiningi samacala, imbangela yokwanda kokugcwala kwe-glucose emzimbeni womuntu yisifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, kuphinde kukhonjwe enye i-etiology engahle iholele esimweni se-hyperglycemic - ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, i-pathologies ethelelekile, ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba, njll.
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, kunohlu olukhulu lwemithi evusa ukwanda koshukela wegazi njengomthelela oseceleni. Ngakho-ke, uma kunesifiso sokukhulisa ushukela, noma umlando wesifo sikashukela, lapho kunqunywa umuthi omusha wokwelashwa kwe-concomitant pathologies, umphumela wawo kushukela kufanele njalo ubhekwe.
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi isiguli sinezinga elibi kakhulu le-hyperglycemic state, okuqukethwe ushukela kuphezulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, kepha akezwa lutho futhi akaziboni izinguquko esimweni sakhe.
Isithombe somtholampilo esivamile kashukela omningi:
- Isifiso esingapheli sokuphuza, umlomo owomile.
- Ukuchama okuningi futhi njalo, kufaka phakathi ebusuku.
- Isikhumba esomile esivame njalo.
- Ukulimazeka okubukwayo (izimpukane, inkungu phambi kwamehlo).
- Ukukhathala, isifiso sokulala njalo.
- Ukulimala esikhunjeni (isilonda, isikena) akuphulukisi isikhathi eside.
- Ama-Pathologies wesimo sokungunda nesokutheleleka, okunzima ukwelapha ngemithi.
Uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezihlose ukunciphisa ushukela egazini, khona-ke kukhipha izingqinamba zesifo sikashukela esibuhlungu nesingamahlalakhona. Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zifaka i-coma, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis.
Uma isiguli sinokwenyuka okungapheli kwe-glucose, khona-ke izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziphukile, zithola ubunzima obungajwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza kwabo kwephulwa ngamaphesenti angama-60 noma ngaphezulu, okuholela kumonakalo omkhulu.
Lezi ziphazamiso ziholela kuma-pathologies wezinhliziyo, ukulahleka kombono kushukela wesifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwengqondo okungaphenduki emaphethelweni aphansi. Kungakho isiqinisekiso sempilo ephelele futhi ende singukuphathwa njalo kwesifo sikashukela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokusiza ufunde nge-prediabetes.
