Izibalo zithi cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-150 emhlabeni jikelele banesifo sikashukela. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi inani leziguli likhula ngokuqinile nsuku zonke. Ngokumangazayo, isifo sikashukela singenye yezindlela zakudala kakhulu, kepha-ke, abantu bafunda ukusixilonga futhi basilapha ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Uzwa kaningi ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyinto embi kakhulu, sibhubhisa impilo. Impela, lokhu kugula kuphoqa isiguli ukuba sishintshe ngokuphelele indlela yaso yokuphila, kepha ngokuya ngemithi kadokotela futhi siphuze nemithi ebekiwe, onesifo sikashukela akazitholi izinkinga ezikhethekile.
Ngabe i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela iyathathelana? Cha, izimbangela zesifo kufanele zifunwe ekuphazamisweni kwe-metabolic, ngaphezu kwakho konke kulokhu, izinguquko ze-carbohydrate metabolism. Isiguli sizoyizwa le nqubo ye-pathological ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo, okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa kashukela wegazi. Lesi simo sibizwa nge-hyperglycemia.
Inkinga enkulu ukuhlanekezela kokuhlangana kwe-insulin ye-hormone nezicubu zomzimba, yi-insulin edingekayo ukugcina ushukela wegazi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuziphatha kwe-glucose kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba njenge-substrate yamandla. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ohlelweni lokusebenzelana, ushukela wegazi uyaqongelela, kuqalwa isifo sikashukela.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sezinhlobo ezimbili: eyokuqala neyesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zifo ezimbili zihluke ngokuphelele, yize esimweni sokuqala nesesibili, izimbangela zokulimazeka kokudla emzimbeni zihambisana namazinga kashukela egazini.
Ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba ngemuva kokudla, ushukela ungena emangqamuzaneni ngenxa yomsebenzi we-insulin. Lapho umuntu egula isifo sikashukela, akakhiqizi i-insulin noma amaseli angaphenduli kuwo, ushukela awungeni emangqamuzaneni, i-hyperglycemia iyanda, bese inqubo yokuwohloka kwamafutha iyabonakala.
Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwe-pathology, isiguli singawela enkomeni, eminye imiphumela eyingozi nayo ivela, imithambo yegazi iyabhujiswa, ukwehluleka kwe-renal, infarction ye-myocardial, ukwanda kobumpumputhe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela, imilenze yesiguli iyahlupheka, ngokushesha i-gangrene iqala ukwelashwa, okungahlinzwa kuyo kuphela.
Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwehla kakhulu noma kuyeka ngokuphelele, isizathu esiyinhloko isakhi sofuzo. Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthola isifo sikashukela esihlotsheni esiseduze izoba yimbi. Isifo sikashukela singatholakala njengefa kuphela:
- uma abazali benesifo sikashukela, ingane iba nengozi enkulu ye-hyperglycemia;
- lapho izihlobo ezikude zigula, amathuba we-pathology ancipha kancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo uqobo asitholwa njengefa, kodwa kusengaphambili. Isifo sikashukela siyokhula uma umuntu ethinteka nezinye izici. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifo ezingamagciwane, inqubo yokutheleleka, kanye nokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ama-antibodies avela emzimbeni, athinta kabi i-insulin, okwenza ukwephulwa komkhiqizo wawo.
Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into emibi kangako, ngisho nokuba nefa elibi, isiguli singazi ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela impilo yakhe yonke. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ephila impilo esebenzayo, aqashelwe ngudokotela, adle ngendlela efanele futhi akanayo imikhuba emibi. Njengomthetho, odokotela baxilonga uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nasentsheni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ifa lesifo sikashukela mellitus:
- Amaphesenti ama-5 ancike kulayini womama no-10 kulayini wobaba;
- uma bobabili abazali begula isifo sikashukela, ubungozi bokuyidlulisela enganeni bukhuphuka ngokushesha ngama-70%.
Lapho kutholwa i-pathology yohlobo lwesibili, izinzwa zomzimba ku-insulin ziyancipha, amanoni, akhiqiza i-adiponectin yento, akhulisa ukumelana kwama-receptors, kufanele asolwe. Kuyavela ukuthi ama-hormone noshukela akhona, kepha amaseli awakwazi ukuthola ushukela.
Ngenxa yokweqiwa ushukela egazini, ukukhuluphala kuyaqhubeka, ushintsho lwenzeka ezithweni zangaphakathi, umuntu alahlekelwe umbono, imithambo yakhe iyachitheka.
Ukuvimbela Ushukela
Noma ngabe kunesimo sofuzo, akunangqondo ukuthola isifo sikashukela uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezilula zokuthintela.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe uhlelo lokulawulwa kwe-glycemic. Lokhu kulula ukufeza, kwanele ukuthenga i-glucometer ephathekayo, ngokwesibonelo, i-glucometer esesandleni sakho, inaliti kuyo akubangeli ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngesikhathi senqubo. Idivayisi ingatholwa nawe, isetshenziswe uma kunesidingo. Igazi lokuhlolwa lithathwa emunweni osesandleni.
Ngaphezu kwezinkomba ze-glycemic, udinga ukulawula isisindo sakho, lapho amaphawundi angeziwe avele ngaphandle kwesizathu, kubalulekile ukungabeki kuze kufike ukuvakasha kokugcina kudokotela.
Okunye ukutusa ukunaka ukondleka; kunokudla okumbalwa okudala ukukhuluphala. Ukudla kukhonjiswa ukuthi kudliwe ezingxenyeni ezincane izikhathi ezi-5-6 ngosuku, okokugcina bedla amahora ama-3 ngaphambi kokulala ebusuku.
Imithetho yokondleka imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kufanele anqobe kwimenyu yansuku zonke, azosiza ukunciphisa ijubane lokungena kushukela egazini;
- Ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela, hhayi ukudala umthwalo ngokweqile kumanyikwe;
- Musa ukukuxhaphaza ukudla okumnandi.
Uma unezinkinga ushukela, ungakhomba ukudla okwandisa i-glycemia ngezilinganiso ezijwayelekile zeglue.
Uma kunzima ukwenza uhlaziyo ngokwakho, ungabuza omunye umuntu ngalokho.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Izimpawu zomtholampilo zalesi sifo zivame ukubonakala ngokwanda kancane kancane, isifo sikashukela ngokwanda okusheshayo kwe-hyperglycemia kuyaqabukela kuziveza.
Ekuqaleni kwesifo, isiguli sinokomile emgodini womlomo, sinomuzwa wokuthi womile, ngeke simenelise. Isifiso sokuphuza sinamandla kangangokuba umuntu uphuza amalitha amaningana amanzi ngosuku. Ngokuphikisana nalokhu ingemuva, unyusa ama-diuresis - umthamo owabelwe kanye nomchamo ophelele uyabonakala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zesisindo zivame ukuguquka, kokubili phezulu naphansi. Isiguli sikhathazekile ukoma ngokweqile kwesikhumba, ukulunywa kanzima, nokuthambekela okuthe xaxa kwezilonda ezithambile zezicubu ezithambile. Ngokuvamile, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uhlushwa ukujuluka, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba okungekuhle.
Ukuvezwa okuqanjwe izingcingo zokuqala ze-pathology, kufanele kube yisikhathi sokuhlola ushukela ngokushesha. Njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu, kuvela izimpawu zokuphazamiseka, zithinta cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kukhona:
- izimo ezisongela impilo;
- ukudakwa kakhulu;
- ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi.
Izinkinga zikhonjiswa ngombono ongasebenzi kahle, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ikhanda, ukuhlukunyezwa kwemizwa, ukuqina kwemilenze, ukuncipha kokuqina, ukuqina komfutho wegazi ophakeme (i-diastolic ne-systolic), ukuqina komlenze, ubuso. Abanye abanesifo sikashukela banenkinga yokuthola amafu, iphunga elivelayo le-acetone lizwakala lisuka kumlomo wabo womlomo. (Imininingwane ku-athikili - iphunga le-acetone kushukela)
Uma izinkinga zenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, lokhu kukhombisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela noma ukwelashwa okunganele.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
I-Diagnostics ifaka ukunquma uhlobo lwesifo, ukuhlola isimo somzimba, ukusungula ukuphazamiseka kwempilo okuhlobene. Ukuqala, kufanele unikele ngegazi ushukela, umphumela osukela ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L ubhekwa njengento ejwayelekile, uma le mikhawulo idlulisiwe, sikhuluma ngokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Ukucacisa lokhu kutholwa, ukulinganisa kwe-glycemia okusheshayo kwenziwa kaninginingi phakathi nesonto.
Indlela yocwaningo olubucayi kakhulu ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela, okhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ekuseni ngemuva kwamahora we-14 wokuzila. Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, ukubhema, utshwala, izidakamizwa ezikhulisa ushukela wegazi.
Kuboniswa nokuthi kudlulisa umchamo kushukela, ngokujwayelekile akufanele ngabe kungaphakathi kukho. Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela siyinkimbinkimbi nge-acetonuria, lapho izidumbu ze-ketone zibuthana emchameni.
Ukubona ubunzima be-hyperglycemia, ukwenza isibikezelo ngekusasa, izifundo ezengeziwe kufanele zenziwe: ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus, i-excretory urography, ne-electrocardiogram. Uma uthatha lezi zinyathelo kusenesikhathi, umuntu uzogula ngezifo ezibangelwa njalo. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhombisa ukuthi yini imbangela yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2.
