Isimo lapho kukhuphuka ushukela wegazi kuthiwa yi-hyperglycemia. Ihambisana noshukela mellitus wohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili, kepha lungaqapheleka kwezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine. Uma umuntu enesifo sikashukela, ubonakala ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-hyperglycemia: ukuzila ukudla, postprandial.
Ushukela wegazi okhuphukile uvame ukuhlukaniswa ube ngama-degree, ngefomu emnene, izinga le-glycemia alidluli i-10 mmol / L, ngefomu elijwayelekile le nkomba isuka ku-10 iye ku-16 mmol / L, futhi nge-hyperglycemia enzima, ushukela ukhuphukela ku-16,5 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu. Esimweni sokugcina, kukhona ingozi yangempela yedlozi, ukukhohlisa.
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi odokotela bayawazi amacala lapho kumuntu ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, ushukela ukhuphukela ku-10 mmol / l, imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokudla inani elikhulu lokudla okusindayo. Le nto ingubufakazi obucacile bokuthi ubungozi bokuthola isifo sikashukela esingaxhomekeki e-insulin.
Amazinga kashukela wegazi angakhuphuka kwabesifazane abanesifo se-ovary polycystic, kanye nokwehla kwamazinga e-potassium egazini, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye nethuba lokuthola isifo sikashukela.
Izimbangela Zoshukela Omkhulu
Yini ebangela ushukela wegazi ukuba ukhuphuke? I-hormone ekhethekile, i-insulin, ibhekele izinkomba ze-glucose; ikhiqizwa amaseli we-pancreatic beta. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, ukugcinwa kwe-insulin kuncishiswa kaningana, izimbangela zihambisana ne-beta-cell necrosis kanye nenqubo yokuvuvukala. Sikhuluma nge-hyperglycemia ebukhali ngaleso sikhathi lapho abantu abangaphezu kwama-80% balawa maseli befa.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo II sizibonakalisa ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwezicubu zomzimba womuntu ukungena ku-insulin kulimele, singasho ukuthi "abalazi" i-hormone. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngisho nenani elanele le-hormone alisizi ukugcina ushukela wegazi ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumelana ne-insulin kuhamba kancane, bese kuba yi-hyperglycemia.
Ukuqoqwa kashukela wegazi kuncike ezicini eziningana, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokudla, izimo ezicindezelayo ezijwayelekile, kanye nezifo ezithile zezitho zangaphakathi. Kumuntu ophile kahle, ushukela wegazi ungakhuphuka ngenxa yezizathu ezihluke ngokuphelele, i-hyperglycemia yesikhashana ingumphumela wezinqubo zomzimba: ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, ukucindezela, ukushisa, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezihambisana negciwane kanye nomkhuhlane.
Ezinye izizathu zizoba:
- ukudla okune-carbohydrate;
- ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba;
- imikhuba emibi;
- ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwezinzwa.
Kwabesifazane, ushukela ophakanyisiwe ungaba umphumela we-premenstrual syndrome.
Odokotela baqoqa zonke izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia ngokuya ngesifo, esibe isiyisidingo saso: isifo sesibindi, uhlelo lwe-endocrine, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic. Lezo zitho ezingamalungu ohlelweni lwe-endocrine zibandakanyeka kakhulu ekwenziweni kwe-insulin. Uma umsebenzi wawo uphazamiseka, ukumunca ushukela ngamangqamuzana omzimba kuya ngokuya kuba nzima.
Ama-pathologies wesibindi nama-pancreas awathinti kakhulu izinkomba ze-glycemia, lezi zinhlaka zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza, ukunqwabelana, ukumuncwa kweglucose.
Izimpawu ze-Hyperglycemia
Ukusola ukwanda koshukela wegazi kuwe kulula, kufanele uqaphele ngomzimba wakho. Kungumbuzo wesikhombi esiphakanyiswe njalo, futhi hhayi owesikhashana, ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, kwizifo zokuphefumula kakhulu.
Umuntu kungenzeka ukuthi ukhuphule ushukela uma ezwa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukukhathala, ulwelwesi lwe-mucous olomile emgodleni womlomo, ukoma okungenakuphikwa, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukukhulisa noma ukuncipha kokudla, kanye nokushintsha okusheshayo kwesisindo somzimba.
Ezinye iziguli zikuqaphelisisa ukulunywa isikhumba, ukubukeka kwamanxeba emzimbeni okungapholi isikhathi eside, ukwehla kwekhono lokubona, nokuphefumula kwesiguli kuba nzima futhi kungaphumuli. Futhi, nge-hyperglycemia, ikhanda lingalimala kaningi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza kuqala, kuqhamuke iphunga elibonakalayo le-acetone lisuka emgodini womlomo.
Uma kutholakele uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ze-hyperglycemia, kuyadingeka:
- iya emtholampilo ukuyonikela ngegazi ushukela;
- thintwa udokotela kanye ne-endocrinologist.
Uma ungathathi ukwelashwa, ushukela ungakhuphukela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu.
Izici zokwelapha ushukela omningi
Ushukela wegazi wehliselwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela, utusa ukwelashwa okuphelele esigulini, okubandakanya inkambo yezidakamizwa nokudla. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ukuguqula nje ukudla kwanele, futhi akukhuli.
Kunefomu elikhethekile loshukela ophezulu - i-postprandial glycemia. Ngalo udinga ukuqonda ukwanda kancane kwe-glucose ngemuva kokudla. Kuncike ekutheni amahora ama-glucose ahlala ku-10 mmol / L nangaphezulu, ukulungiswa kwe-glycemia kuboniswa ukuletha izinga layo ku-7.8 mmol / L.
Lezi zibalo zihambelana nokujwayelekile kukashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla kumuntu ophile kahle, noma kunjalo, ukubalwa okuqondile kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ushukela nge-2.1 mmol / l. Ikakhulu ukuncoma kufanelekile ezigulini zohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ezisebenzisa i-insulin efushane.
Lapho isiguli sinoshukela wegazi ophakeme, siyelulekwa ukuba sihlaziye izindlela zakhe zokudla. Ukuqhathaniswa kokudla okuqanjiwe kufanele kube okulandelayo:
- usawoti - akukho ngaphezu kwe-1-2 g;
- amaprotheni - 85-90 g;
- ama-carbohydrate - 350 g;
- amanoni - 75-80 g.
Ukudla kumele kufake inyama ebilisiwe, ebhakwe, inhlanzi engenamafutha, izimpahla ezibhakiwe kusuka ku-wholemeal, imifino (ngaphandle kwamazambane), amaqanda, isibindi senkukhu. Kufanele futhi udle imikhiqizo yobisi yokuqukethwe kwamafutha ancishisiwe, izithelo ezingafakiwe, kanye nama-legamu (ngaphandle kommbila).
Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa uju wemvelo, ama-marshmallows, ama-marmalade kanye nama-marshmallows. Ama-compotes angenazimpawu, iziphuzo zezithelo, omnyama, itiye eliluhlaza okotshani, iziphuzo zemifino, i-chicory zizosiza. Imenyu ifaka inani elincane lebhotela, uwoyela wemifino, amakhowe.
Ushukela ungakhuphuka uma uphuza amanzi amancane, ngakho-ke uketshezi kufanele okungenani lube amalitha ama-2 ngosuku. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphelele kwezitsha cishe kungama-2400 kcal ngosuku.
Indlela yokwelashwa ethize ngqo incike ekutheni ushukela wegazi uphezulu kangakanani. Lapho ukuqinisekiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kuqinisekisiwe, isiguli sikhonjiswa imijovo evamile yokungena kwe-insulin ye-hormone. Njengomthetho, imijovo imiselwe impilo, kanye nokondla kwezokwelapha. Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela luyingozi kunazo zonke, isiguli sizoba nokwelashwa isikhathi eside. Ngohlobo lwesibili sikashukela, udokotela uncoma izidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela, ukwandisa ukungazifaki, amavithamini kanye namaminerali.
Uma abantu behola indlela yokuphila yokuphila, musa ukuya ezemidlalo, wokuzivocavoca, ushukela wegazi labo ungakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukufaka imisebenzi ejwayelekile yomzimba empilweni yakho, zizosiza ukuthuthukisa imetabolism, yenze i-glycemia ibuye, futhi ijabule.
Okuhle ekwelashweni nasekuvimbeleni isifo sikashukela yilezi:
- ukugibela ibhayisekili;
- ekhuphuka izitebhisi;
- Ukuhamba ngezinyawo
- ukubhukuda;
- imidlalo esebenzayo emoyeni omusha.
Umsebenzi ophumelela kakhulu womzimba usebenza ngejubane eliphakathi nendawo, ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Odokotela balule ukuba bathathe uhambo ekuseni, kude nemigwaqo emikhulu. Ihora elilodwa ngosuku kwanele.
Umuthi ohlukile udlangile esikhathini sethu, ubonwa yiziguli eziningi njengendlela ebiza kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokwelapha ushukela ophezulu. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela i-mellitus zisabela kahle kwezinye izindlela, kepha ubukhulu besifo kufanele bunakwe. Izitshalo eziphilisayo zivame ukusetshenziswa: i-ginseng ebomvu, i-goatberry, i-lilac, iqabunga le-bay, i-blueberries.
Uma umuntu ogulayo eqaphele ukwanda kwezimpawu ze-hyperglycemia, kudingeka ahlolwe umzimba futhi abonane nodokotela.
Le ndlela ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthi kungani kwaba nokuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle, ukuthi uletha kanjani izinkomba ze-glycemia ebangeni elijwayelekile.
Uyini ubungozi bokwehla kweshukela kwegazi
Kunezimo ezimbili ezokweqisa ezingadala i-coma: ikhefu lesifo sikashukela ne-hyperglycemic. Isifo sikashukela esibuhlungu singumphumela wokuthi i-glucose inyukela emazingeni abucayi. Ngamazinga aphezulu kashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwempilo okuqhubekayo, ushintsho olwazini lungabonakala. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinsuku ezimbalwa noma emasontweni ambalwa.
Ukuwohloka okubonakalayo enhlalakahleni kanye nokwanda kokugxila kwe-glucose kudinga ukuqashelwa njalo, udinga ukuthenga i-glucometer futhi ulinganise izinga le-glycemia nsuku zonke. Ngokucacisa okuguquguqukayo kwalesi sifo, ukulashwa esibhedlela esikhungweni sezokwelapha kuyakhonjiswa. Lesi sincomo sisebenza futhi lapho udokotela ebeke izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela, futhi azisizi ukufeza i-glycemia ejwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalethi ushukela wegazi ophakeme kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kungavela isimo esiphikisayo se-hypoglycemic coma. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu zezimpawu, kufanele udle ukudla kwe-carbohydrate ngokushesha okukhulu. Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia ezingenayo zizoba: izandla eziqhaqhazelayo, ukushisa okushisayo, umuzwa wobuthakathaka. Uma ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka ebusuku, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kungenzeka angakwazi ukuvuka ekuseni. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izosiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
