I-diabetes mellitus inezinketho ezimbili zokuthuthuka: incike ku-insulin, lapho ama-pancreas alahlekelwa amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-insulin. Kaningi, izingane kanye nabantu abasha bahlushwa isifo sikashukela esinjalo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuyashesha futhi kungazelelwe.
Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela lwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile, okunciphile noma okwandayo kwe-insulin. Okusho ukuthi, inkambo yayo ayincike ekutheni le hormone ikhiqizwa malini, kepha ama-receptors ezithambo zangaphakathi awaphenduli i-insulin. Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luthinteka ikakhulukazi ebudaleni. Izimpawu zanda kancane.
Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwenkambo yalesi sifo, ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela kuhlotshaniswa nomphumela wokuphela kokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic - izinga elikhulayo le-glucose egazini.
Izici Zobungozi Besifo Sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela mellitus sinesizathu sokuthuthuka kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela nokuqagela kuso, udinga ukwazi wonke umuntu ofuna ukugcina impilo.
Uma kunezici zobungozi, qiniseka ukuthi uyohlolwa.
Izimo eziphambili zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela:
- Ishiswe yifa. Isifo sikashukela enganeni singakhula uma omunye noma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane - uma ungenwe yigciwane le-rubella, ukutheleleka nge-cytomegalovirus, mumps, Coxsackie, umkhuhlane, i-hepatitis.
- Izifo ze-Autoimmune - ezine-rheumatoid arthritis, i-thyroiditis, i-systemic lupus erythematosus, isifo sikaRaynaud.
Lezi zimbangela zivame ukuholela ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela. Uhlobo lwesibili lunezinye izindlela zokuthuthuka ezihlobene nokukhubazeka kwe-glucose ngenxa yokulahleka kwekhono le-insulin receptors ukuphendula i-insulin. Kubonakala ngezinto ezinjengaleso esisongela isikhathi:
- Khuluphele, ikakhulukazi ukubekwa kwamafutha okhalweni.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba.
- Izifo ze-pancreatic - izinhlungu ze-pancreatitis kanye nesisu.
- Ukuvuthwa nokuguga.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Arterial.
- Ukuxineka kwengqondo ngokwezengqondo.
- Isifo sezinso noma sesibindi.
Kwabesifazane okutholakale ukuthi banesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho bezala ingane enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5, esimweni sokuphathwa kabi kwesisu kanye nama-polycystic ovaries, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha ushukela wegazi okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Izici zokubikezela kusengaphambili zibandakanya isifo senhliziyo esi-coronary.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela singase siqale ngokungazelele ngokuhlasela ngokwanda okubangelwa ushukela noma ukuthuthukisa ikoma likashukela (uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela).
Kepha esikhathini esiningi izifanisa nezinye izifo, noma isikhathi esithile singazivezi kanti sitholwa yithuba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela zifaka:
- Ukwanda komile okungadluleli ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi, kuvuka ngisho nasebusuku, umlomo owomile.
- Imvamisa futhi ichichima ukwedlula ukuchama okujwayelekile, okubangelwa ukuphuma kweglucose nokuheha kwayo amanzi.
- Indlala enkulu nesifiso sokudla amaswidi - ngenxa yokungakwazi kwezitho ukuthola ushukela egazini.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo: ngokudla okuhle, ukudla njalo njalo nokuningi, ukwehla kwesisindo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuwuphawu kanye nobunzima besifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous, olubangelwa ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo ye-metabolic ngokusebenzisa ama-pores, isikhumba esomile futhi sajoyina izifo zokukhunta.
- Ukukhuluphala kungenye yezimpawu ezisengozini yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, futhi ngokuthuthuka kwayo kuba nzima ukwehlisa isisindo.
- Ukwanda kobuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukukhathala okungapheli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungavela izimpawu ezethusayo njengokuncipha kombono, ikhanda, ukuqwasha, kanye nokuthimala ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ukuqwashisa kanye nomuzwa wokukhasa emaphethelweni aphansi, ama-cramps asebusuku kakhulu nawo angakhathaza.
Olunye uphawu olusiza ukuqaphela isifo sikashukela kungaba ukuphulukiswa kabi kwamanxeba nokusikeka. Ukuthambekela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nezikhunta kungaba ukubonakaliswa kokuncipha kokugomela okuhambisana nokuhambisana noshukela.
Emadodeni, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela kungabonakala ngokuncipha kwesifiso sobulili nokuzala, ukuzala. Abesifazane bakhulisa ukoma esithweni sangasese, ukungakwazi ukufeza i-orgasm kanye nokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile.
Isikhumba siba owomile, sibe buthakathaka futhi siphelelwe ngamanzi, izinwele zibukeka zomile futhi ziyawa, izipikili zipeyinta.
Isikhumba sithambekele kumqubuko, furunculosis.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezembula ushukela?
Lapho kuvela izinsolo ezincane zesifo sikashukela noma lapho befika eminyakeni engamashumi amane, wonke umuntu uboniswa enza ucwaningo lwe-carbohydrate metabolism.
Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukunikela ngegazi nge-glucose yegazi (kusuka emthanjeni noma ngomunwe). Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, mhlawumbe ekuseni. Ngosuku lokulethwa awukwazi ukudla kwasekuseni, uphuze ikhofi, intuthu, ukuzivocavoca. Lapho uthatha noma imuphi umuthi, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho.
Umphumela ojwayelekile uthathwa njengesinkomba (ku-mmol / l) kusuka ku-4.1 kuye ku-5.9.
Esimweni lapho umphumela wokuhlaziywa ungaphezulu komkhawulo ojwayelekile, futhi isiguli sinezinto ezibangela ingozi (ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, umfutho ophakeme wegazi, ukuguga, izifo ezihambisanayo), kunconyelwa ukwethula imingcele ekudleni futhi sithathe namalungiselelo omthi wokuvikela isifo sikashukela.
Ukuze ulawule isifo sikashukela ekhaya, udinga ukuthenga i-glucometer kanye nemichilo yokuhlola. Ukulinganisa ushukela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, hhayi kuphela esiswini esingenalutho, kodwa futhi amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla, nangaphambi kokulala.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi koshukela kungabonisa kuphela umphumela wesimo. Ukuxilongwa ngokujulile, udinga ukwenza izifundo ezinjalo:
- Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
- Ukuhlaziywa koshukela emchameni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical protein ye-C-reactive protein.
Uma ngisho nezinga le-glucose esegazini lingaphansi kwemingcele evamile, khona-ke ukuthola ushukela udinga ukudlulisela ukuhlaziywa ngomthwalo - ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela. Kuboniswa izifo ze-endocrine, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi ye-hormonal, kanye nenkambo ende yezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, awukwazi ukudlala imidlalo, iya kuma-sauna, ungaphuzi utshwala usuku lonke. Ngosuku lokufunda, ukubhema nokuphuza ikhofi kwenqatshelwe. Ukudla kokugcina kungaba ngamahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Ekuqaleni kokuxilongwa, igazi lithathwa ngokuqukethwe kwe-glucose, khona-ke i-75 g ye-glucose ithathwa ngamanzi, bese izinga layo liphinda likalwe ngemuva kwehora nangemva kwamahora amabili.
Okujwayelekile yi-7.8 mmol / l, enamamaki angama-7.8 kuya ku-11.1 mmol / l, okuxilongwa isifo se-prediabetes, futhi ngenani elingaphezulu kuka-11 isiguli sinesifo sikashukela.
Ukuthola isilinganiso se-glucose esejwayelekile ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, i-glycated hemoglobin iyahlolwa. Kufanele kuthathwe ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izinsuku ezintathu akufanele kube ukopha okushubile, uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi.
Isikhombisi esisuka kumaphesenti ayi-4,5 kuye ku-6.5 sibhekwa njengejwayelekile, sisuka kumaphesenti ama-6 kuye kwangama-6.5 sikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-prediabetes, kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhona uma izinga lingaphezulu kuka-6.5%.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela kwenziwa ngokuhlola umchamo wansuku zonke. Emahoreni angama-24, izaqathi, beet, utamatisi nezithelo zezithelo zomndeni wamawolintshi kukhishwe kwimenyu. Umphumela ubhekwa njengento evamile uma ushukela emchameni ungatholakali noma ungabi ngaphezu kuka-0,08 mmol / l.
Uma kutholakala ushukela emchameni, isifo sikashukela sabesifazane abakhulelwe, uma kunezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamazinga kashukela kukhombisa okujwayelekile, kunokuqagelwa kofuzo, khona-ke kuhlaziywa iprotheni ye-C-esebenzayo.
Ngosuku olungaphambi kokuhlaziywa, awukwazi ukuthatha i-aspirin ne-ascorbic acid, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuvimbela inzalo. Ukudla kokugcina kungenzeka kungakapheli amahora ayishumi ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
Inkomba ejwayelekile ye-C-peptide egazini le-venous isukela ku-297 kuya ku-1323 pmol / L. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala, uma inani lingaphezulu, ukwehla kungaba uphawu lwoshukela 1 wohlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwelebhu kufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe onekhono - isazi se-endocrinologist, esizokwazi ukuthola kahle ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, sikhombe isifo sikashukela, sitshele ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo futhi sinikeze nemithi yokwelashwa. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokusiza ufunde ngezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
