Ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni kungaba esinye sezizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Muva nje, le nkinga isiphenduke efanelekile, njengoba abantu abaningi bethola lesi sifo. Esikhathini sokuqala, isifo kungenzeka singazinikezeli. Khomba kuzokuvumela kuphela ukuhlaziya isifo sikashukela. Kufanele kuthathwe njalo ukuthola ukutholakala kwezifo ngesikhathi bese ukhetha inkambo efanele yokwelashwa.
Isifo sikashukela mellitus
Siyini lesi sifo?
Ushukela wegazi kumuntu ongahlushwa yisifo sikashukela i-mellitus usukela ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L. Lapho ukuhlushwa kuba phezulu, singakhuluma ngokuba khona kwalesi sifo. Isifo sikashukela sinezinhlobo ezimbili: eyokuqala emzimbeni kukhona ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin, okubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kweglucose ephuma egazini ngamangqamuzana; okwesibili - umzimba awukwazi ukukhombisa ukusabela kwe-insulin nakancane.
Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezitho ezithile zangaphakathi zomuntu kungaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-insulin. Ngenani layo elinganele, okuqukethwe ushukela egazini kuyehli. Ngesikhathi sokuhlonza lesi sifo kuvumela ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela. Imvamisa, iziguli zifunda ngalesi sifo ngengozi yazo. Futhi uma ngezikhathi ezithile uphinda izifundo ezinjalo, lapho-ke ungalonda impilo yakho.
Izimpawu Zesifo Sikashukela
Ngesifo sohlobo lokuqala, izimpawu zivele kungazelelwe, zohlobo lwesibili, ukuthuthuka kwazo okuqhubekayo kuyisici. Esimweni sokuqala, iqembu lezingozi lenziwa abantu abasha nezingane. Kunconywa ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesifo sikashukela uma:
- Ukoma okungenakuqedwa kuvame ukuhlushwa;
- Kukhona ukunxenxa njalo endlini yangasese, ukuchama kuningi;
- Ubuthakathaka obungachazeki bukhona emzimbeni;
- Ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba kuyabonakala.
Izingane ezinabazali abanenkinga yalesi sifo nazo zisengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Ikakhulu uma ingane yazalwa inesisindo esingama-gramu angama-4500, ngomzimba omncane oncishisiwe, izifo ezingama-metabolic noma ekudleni okungalinganiseli. Ngakho-ke, izingane ezinjalo kufanele nakanjani zihlolwe udokotela.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela kungenzeka luthinte abesifazane abaye banqamula umkhawulo weminyaka engama-45. Ikakhulu uma bephila impilo yokungasebenzi, bakhuluphele futhi bangondleki. Abantu abakulesi sigaba kufanele futhi bahlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile isifo sikashukela. Futhi unganqikazi uma uqala ukubona:
- Ukwehla kweminwe;
- Ukulunywa ngofuzo;
- Isikhumba isikhumba;
- Umlomo owomile ongapheli.
Ukuvezwa kwalezi zimpawu kungavela ngasikhathi sinye. Enye insimbi eyethusayo yokuhlolwa kungaba ukukhishwa amakhaza njalo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sikashukela
Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa?
Ucwaningo ngesifo sikashukela kumele lwenziwe. Udokotela we-endocrinologist ukhipha okudluliselwa kuye ukuze ayohlolwa, futhi wenza ukuxilongwa kokugcina. Inhlolovo yenziwa ngezinhloso ezilandelayo:
- Ukusungulwa kwezifo;
- Ukuqapha amandla ezinguquko eziqhubekayo;
- Ukuqapha impilo yezinso namanyikwe;
- Ukuziqapha kwe-glucose egazini;
- Ukukhethwa kwevolumu edingekayo ye-insulin yokujova;
- Izincazelo zezinkinga kanye nezinga lokuthuthuka kwazo.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bahlolwe isifo sikashukela abasolwayo. Yize kunjalo, lokhu kungathinta impilo yengane kanye namandla ayo “okudlulisa” ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi esifunayo. Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yocwaningo, uma kunesidingo, kukhethwe inkambo yomuntu ngamunye noma kuqokwa abantu abamisiwe.
Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufanele kuthathwe?
Uma unezinsolo zokuthi isifo sikashukela siyakhula, noma usengozini, kuzodingeka wazi ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudingeka kudlule kukho. Okokuqala, kufanele wazi imiphumela:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kweglucose yegazi. Ngamanani angaphezu kwe-5.5 mmol / L, ukuhlaziywa kwesibili kwenziwa njengokuyalelwa yi-endocrinologist.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-Glycated.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-C-peptides.
- Isivivinyo Sokubekezelela Ishukela - Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela (GTT).
- Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela okungapheli.
Uma kunesifo noma izinsolo zokukhula kwayo, izivivinyo zikashukela zinikezwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2-6. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izinguquko emzimbeni. Futhi, okokuqala, ukuthola ukuthi lesi sifo sinamandla okuthuthuka.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical kuzosiza ekutholeni ukugcwala koshukela ezintweni ezi-venous. Uma izinkomba zayo zingaphezu kuka-7 mmol / l, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa lunqunyelwe isikhathi esingu-1 phakathi nonyaka, ngakho-ke isiguli kufanele silawule isimo sayo sempilo ngokwaso futhi, ekuphambukeni okuncane kokujwayelekile, sithintane nodokotela.
I-biochemistry ingabona nesifo sikashukela ngokuphambanisa ezinye izinkomba: i-cholesterol (iphakanyiswe uma kwenzeka kugula), i-fructose (iphakanyisiwe), i-triglycides (iphakeme kakhulu), amaprotheni (ehlisiwe). Ukunakwa okukhethekile kubhekelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-insulin: ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 kuyancishiswa, ngoba 2 - kukhuphukile noma kububanzi obujwayelekile obujwayelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose
Lapho uhlola iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, kwenziwa isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Ngalo, ungakhomba izinkinga ezifihliwe ekusebenzeni kwamanyikwe futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nezinkinga ze-metabolism emzimbeni. Izinkomba zokuqokwa kwe-GTT yilezi:
- Izinkinga ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- Isisindo somzimba esiningi
- I-ovary yePolycystic;
- Ushukela ophezulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe;
- Isifo sesibindi
- Ukwelashwa isikhathi eside kwama-hormone
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-periodontal.
Ukuze uthole ukunemba okuphelele kwemiphumela etholakele, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela umzimba wakho kahle ukuhlolwa. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kwale ndlela yokuxilonga isifo sikashukela, awukwazi ukwenza ushintsho ekudleni kwakho. Ngosuku olwandulela isivivinyo, kuzofanela futhi uyeke uphuzo oludakayo, futhi ngosuku lovivinyo, akufanele ubheme noma uphuze ikhofi.
Gwema izimo ezikwenza ujuluke kakhulu. Ungaguquli umthamo ojwayelekile we-fluid odakiwe ngosuku. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenziwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho. Lokhu okulandelayo kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthatha amanzi nge-glucose encibilikisiwe kuwo. Izilinganiso ziphindwa kaninginingi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Yonke imiphumela iyaqoshwa, bese kwenziwa isiphetho ngokusekelwe kuyo. Uma inkomba kashukela ibingu-7.8 mmol / L, khona-ke konke kuhamba kahle nawe. Uma umphumela ufinyelela ebangeni ukusuka ku-7.8 kuya ku-11.1 mmol / l, khona-ke unesimo sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela - kunezinkinga ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Konke okuphakeme kuno-11.1 mmol / l - kukhombisa ngokusobala isifo.
IGlycated Hemoglobin Assay
Lolu hlobo lokufunda lukuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga lokuhlushwa ushukela egazini ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, imvamisa yokuphindaphinda kwayo izinyanga ezintathu. Lezi zivivinyo zesifo sikashukela zingasithola kusigaba sokuqala. Ukudlula kufanele futhi kulungiselelwe:
- Ukuqasha esiswini esingenalutho.
- Izinsuku ezi-2 ngaphambi kokubeletha akumele kube ne-infusions engena ngaphakathi.
- Izinsuku ezi-3 ngaphambi kosuku lokubeletha akumele kube nokulahlekelwa kwegazi okusinda
Ukuhlola imiphumela, idatha etholakele ngesilinganiso samaphesenti iqhathaniswa nenkomba ye-hemoglobin. Uma imiphumela ikuhlu lwe-4.5-6.5%, khona-ke ulungile. Uma iphesenti lisuka ku-6 liye ku-6,5, khona-ke lesi yisigaba se-prediabetes. Konke okungenhla kuyisifo.
Ukunqunywa kwe-C-peptides
Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwesifo sikashukela kungakhombisa izinga lokulimala kwama-pancreas, abathinteka ngqo ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin. Izinkomba zalolu hlobo locwaningo yilezi:
- Ukuba khona kwe-glucose kumchamo;
- Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela;
- Isici sokuphanjiselwa ifa;
- Ukuvela kwezimpawu zesifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, i-Vitamin C, i-Aspirin, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo akufanele zithathwe. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Isikhathi sokuzila esiphambi kwakhe kufanele okungenani sibe ngamahora ayi-10. Ngosuku lokuhlolwa, ungaphuza kuphela amanzi. Akukho kubhema, akukho kudla. Inkomba yomphumela ojwayelekile ibanga kusuka ku-298 kuya ku-1324 pmol / L. Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, izinkomba ziphakeme. Konke ngezansi kusho ngesifo sohlobo 1. Amanani aphansi futhi angabonakala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Kwesifo Sikashukela Sasemuva
Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Kokuqala kwalokhu, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Isikhathi esinconyiwe sidlulile kusukela ekudleni kokugcina, amahora angama-8. Lesi sikhathi sinikezwa ukuqinisa okuqukethwe kweglucose.
Amanani wokukhawulela okwejwayelekile afinyelela ku-100 mg / dl, futhi lapho kukhona lesi sifo - 126 mg / dl. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, yonke into ekuleli banga ikhombisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela esisebusweni. Esigabeni esilandelayo, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi angama-200 ml noshukela oxutshwe kuwo. Imiphumela ingatholakala emahoreni ambalwa.
Okujwayelekile kuzoba ku-140 mg / dl, kanye nesifo sikashukela esisezingeni eliphezulu ngamanani kusuka ku-140 kuye ku-200 mg / dl. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokugula ngokwedatha etholakele, udokotela ubeka ezinye izivivinyo zesifo sikashukela, kufanele zidluliselwe ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi okweqile kuyinto evamile.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo sikashukela
Yikuphi ukuhlolwa komchamo okufanele kuthathwe?
Uma ulandela okujwayelekile, lapho-ke kumchamo kumuntu ophilile, ushukela awukwazi ukutholwa, akufanele ube lapho. Ocwaningweni, ikakhulukazi umchamo wasekuseni noma umchamo wansuku zonke uyasetshenziswa. Lapho kutholwa, imiphumela etholakele iyabhekwa:
- Umchamo wasekuseni Uma umuntu ephilile, khona-ke kufanele kungabikho ushukela kumchamo nakancane. Uma ingxenye eqoqwe yokuhlaziywa ikhombise ushukela, khona-ke ukuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke kufanele kubuyiselwe emuva.
- Umchamo wansuku zonke ukuvumela ukuthi usungule lesi sifo kanye nokuqina kwaso lapho kukhona ushukela umchamo.
Lapho unikeza lolu hlobo lokuhlaziya ngosuku olwedlule, akunconywa ukuthi udle utamatisi, amabhungane, amawolintshi, ama-tangerine, ulamula, amagilebhisi, izaqathe, i-balkwheat nethanga. Izinkomba zokuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke, kunjalo, zifundisa kakhulu udokotela. Lapho uqoqa izinto, yonke imithetho nezincomo kufanele ilandelwe.
Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile (ekuseni)
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kwesifo sikashukela kufanele kuthathwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngokufanayo, imithetho ethile kufanele ilandelwe lapho kuqoqwa umchamo. Imvamisa, kulokhu okuqukethwe okuqukethwe ushukela kufanele kuthambekele ku-zero. Kuvunyelwe kuze kufike ku-0,8 mol ngelitha ngalinye lomchamo. Yonke into edlula leli nani ikhombisa i-pathology. Ukuba khona kwe-glucose kumchamo kuthiwa yi-glucosuria.
Umchamo kufanele uqoqwe esitsheni esihlanzekile noma oyinyumba. Ngaphambi kokuqoqa, kufanele ugeze izitho zakho zangasese kahle. Ingxenye evamile kufanele ithathwe ukuze icwaningwe. Izinto ezibonakalayo kumele zitholwe elebhu ngaphakathi kwamahora ayi-1.5.
Ukuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke
Uma kunesidingo sokucacisa imiphumela yokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile noma ukuqinisekisa imininingwane etholakele, udokotela uzonikeza okunye ukuqoqwa komchamo nsuku zonke. Ingxenye yokuqala ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuvuka ayibhekwa. Kusukela ekucheni kwesibili, ukuqoqa konke kungakapheli usuku embizeni eyodwa ehlanzekile neyomile.
Gcina izinto eziqoqwe esiqandisini. Ngakusasa ekuseni uyixube ukuze kulinganise izinkomba kulo lonke ivolumu, uthele i-200 ml esitsheni esihlanzekile esihlukile bese uthwala ukuyohlolwa.
Okuqukethwe ngumchamo we-acetone - imizimba ye-ketone - kukhombisa izinkinga zokuqhekeka kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate emzimbeni. Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwemiphumela enjalo ngeke kukhiqize. Lapho uthatha izivivinyo zomchamo, akufanele uphuze noma imiphi imithi. Abesifazane kufanele balinde kuze kube sekupheleni kokuya esikhathini, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ukuqoqwa akukwazi ukwenziwa.
Isiphetho
Akwanele ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukubona lesi sifo ngesikhathi. Akunakwenzeka ukukuxilonga uhlobo olulodwa lokutadisha, ngakho-ke udokotela uhlala ebanikeza enkingeni ethile. Lokhu kuzovumela isithombe esinembile somtholampilo.
Kubantu abafuna ukulawula ushukela wegazi labo, imitha kashukela egazini kufanele ibe ngumngane othembekile. Le divayisi ingathengwa ekhemisi, futhi ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Wena ngokwakho ungahlala ulawula ushukela wakho. Futhi uma weqa izinkomba ezisungulwe okujwayelekile, ungagwema imiphumela emibi ngokuxhumana nodokotela ekuqaleni kwesifo okungenzeka. Uvivinyo kufanele lwenziwe ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla naphakathi kokudla, ngemuva kokuthatha ikhefu amahora angama-2-2,5. Futhi kuvame ukuthi ungakwazi ukulawula ushukela wakho wegazi kushukela ngokuhlola igazi.
Labo abasengozini kufanele futhi bahlole izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi, bangene kuyi-cardiogram, babonane nodokotela wezifo zamehlo, futhi bahlole i-fundus. Enye yezimpawu zalesi sifo ingaba umbono osufiphele. Ngezikhathi ezithile cela udokotela wakho wendawo ukuthi akuqondise esifundweni esinjenge-biochemistry yegazi.
