Isifo sikashukela yisifo esijwayelekile ezweni lanamuhla. Lesi sifo asigcini ngokuguqula impilo yomuntu, kodwa futhi sifaka ezinye izinkinga.
Isifo sikashukela siwumphumela wokungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwe-endocrine kanye nenani le-insulin ekhiqizwayo. Uma inani le-insulin alanele ukwephulwa kwe-glucose, khona-ke lolu hlobo lwesifo lubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ukwedlula i-insulin engakwazi ukuxhumana nama-receptor athile kukhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela luvame kakhulu kubantu abasha nasezinganeni. Uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela luvame ukutholakala kubantu asebekhulile. Ngokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kungagwenywa ngomuthi nokudla.
Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokungalungile noma ukwelashwa kuqalile sekwephuzile, lokhu kungadala izinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingenzeka, zombili ekuqaleni kwesifo, futhi ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa ngemuva kokutholwa kwalesi sifo. Izizathu zalokhu zingabantu.
Izinkinga ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela zingahlukaniswa zibe ama-pathologies asheshe afike.
Izinkinga zakuqala
Lolu hlobo lokuxakeka, olubizwa nangokuthi "i-acute", lubeka engcupheni impilo yabantu. Zibonakaliswa ngentuthuko esheshayo, kuthatha isikhathi ukusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ngesonto.
Ukunganaki ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa noma ukuhlinzekwa ngokungafanele ezimweni eziningi kuholela ekufeni.
Phakathi kwezinkinga ezinkulu, amahlaya abangelwa yilesi sifo ahlukaniswa. Nge-coma kusho isimo sesiguli, lapho zonke izinqubo zempilo yomuntu ziyehliswa.
Kulesi simo, umsebenzi wezinqubo uyancipha, ikhaliphe inyamalala ngokuphelele, umsebenzi wenhliziyo, isigqi sayo siyaphazamiseka, futhi ubunzima bokuphefumula okuzimele kungenzeka.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona kusengaphambili ukwenzeka kwesimo esinjalo. Ikhula ngokushesha ngokwanele futhi ngakho-ke ochwepheshe baluleka ukuthi umuntu abe njalo eduze kwesiguli. Lokhu kungaba yisihlobo esinganikeza usizo lokuqala noma abasebenzi bezokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa kwesiguli kwenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa kodokotela esibhedlela. Okokuqala, isiguli singena kuyunithi yokunakekelwa okuqinile. Ngemuva kokuthuthuzuka okuthile, wadluliselwa kuyunithi olukhethekile.
Izinhlobo zama-com
Kwezokwelapha, i-coma ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili:
- i-hyperglycemic coma;
- I-hypoglycemic coma.
I-Hypoglycemic coma ivela ngenxa yokwehla kakhulu ushukela wegazi. I-Hyperglycemic coma ibonakala ngokwanda koshukela emzimbeni esikhathini esifushane. I-Hyperglycemic coma ihlukaniswe nge-ketoacidotic, hyperosmolar, hyperlactacidemic.
I-ketoacidosis
Lesi simo sivamile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 futhi siyinkinga yokudla okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Kuboniswa ngokwanda koshukela wegazi nemizimba ye-ketone, kanye nokwanda kwe-acidity yegazi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Esigabeni sokuqala sezinkinga, ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri komchamo kuveza ushukela kokuqukethwe. Uma kungekho ukuphambuka, ushukela kumchamo awukho.
Esigabeni sesibili sokuthuthuka kwezinkinga, umsebenzi wokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic uyabonakala. Izimpawu ezingenzeka zokudakwa. Umuntu usesimweni sokudangala, nokwazi ukudideka. Ekuhlolweni kwelebhu, kutholakala i-acetone emchameni.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, izimpawu ezilandelayo zimpawu:
- isimo sokudangala
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
- isimo sokukhathazeka kubantu.
Isigaba sesithathu se-ketoacidosis sibizwa ngokuthi ukhokho.
Isigaba sesine siyingozi empilweni yomuntu. Lokhu kukhexisa. Kulesi simo, kunokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni cishe kwazo zonke izitho, ukulahleka ngokuphelele kokungazi kanye nokuphulwa okuphelele kwenqubo ye-metabolic.
Imbangela yale nkinga ukwephulwa kokudla nemithi. Ukuzilungisa ngokwakho kwethamo lezidakamizwa noma ukwenqaba kwazo. Isifo sikashukela i-ketoacidosis singenzeka isikhashana ngemuva kokuyeka ukuphuza izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela.
I-ketoacidosis nayo ingadala izifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezithathelanayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin okuqhamukayo kungenzeka, okuzobangela i-ketoacidotic coma.
I-Hypoglycemic coma
Le nkinga yenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni. Ngokungafani ne-ketoocytosis, lolu hlobo lwe-coma lukhipha i-insulin "eyengeziwe". Yize kunezimo zokuthi ube ne-hypoglycemic coma ngemuva kokuzivocavoca kakhulu ngokomzimba noma ukuphuza utshwala.
Lolu hlobo lwe-coma lubonakala ngokulahleka ngokuphelele kweziguli, ukujuluka ngokweqile kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuphendula kwabafundi ekukhanyiseni. Esigabeni sokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coma kungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa inani elifanele lekhabhoni.
I-Hypoglycemic coma yenzeka kungazelelwe. Yandulelwa yizimpawu ezilandelayo: umuzwa onamandla wendlala, umuzwa wokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka ngokweqile, ingcindezi eyandayo nokwanda kwabafundi. Akuvamile ukubonwa ukuziphatha okungekhona okwabantu, ushintsho olubi kumamoya, ukuphathwa ikhanda, nokukhubazeka okubukwayo.
Kunengozi yokufa uma kungakapheli isigamu sehora umuntu engathathwanga ukoma. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-edema yamakhorali iyenzeka, izinqubo ze-metabolic kuyo ziyaphazamiseka. Umphumela uba ukufa kwe-cortex ye-cerebral noma into yayo.
I-Hypersmolar coma
Lolu hlobo lokuxakeka luyehluka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpawu zalo. Nge-hypersmolar coma, kukhuphuka egazini lokuhlanganiswa kwe-sodium nge-glucose. Njengomphumela wokuthola lezi zinhlanganisela, ukondliwa kwamaseli omzimba, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho, kuyaphazamiseka. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo singenzeka kubantu asebekhulile.
Isigaba sokuqala sokukhula kwe-hypersmolar coma sibonakaliswa ukuqina komzimba kanye nokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Ukomisa isikhathi eside kuholela ekutholakaleni kwezimpawu zesibili, ezinjengokungasebenzi komzimba, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukusebenza kahle kwezitho zangaphakathi, ukulahleka kwegazi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwale nkinga kwenzeka emavikini ambalwa. Ekuqaleni, izimpawu zibonakala zinesifo sikashukela, yilezi:
- ukoma okukhulu
- ukunciphisa isisindo
- ukuchama njalo
- futhi esiteji sokuqala ukukhishwa kwesikhashana, noma ukusonta kwamalunga kungavela,
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kungenzeka.
Ngokuzayo, lesi sifo sinomlingiswa oqhubekayo. Ukuphelelwa ukwazi kungaphenduka kaningi bese kuba okomqondo. Futhi, ezinye iziguli zazinokukhishwa kwemizwa.
Izimpawu ze-hypersmolar coma zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kungathinta uhlelo lwezinzwa futhi kubonakale ngesimo sokuquleka, ukungabi nalutho ngokwanele noma okuphelele kokunyakaza, ubunzima bokukhuluma. Lezi zibonakaliso futhi zibonisa ukwephulwa kokusebenza okujwayelekile kobuchopho.
Ukwelashwa kwale nkinga kuqukethe ukuthatha amakhambi nezixazululo zokukhucululwa kwezidakamizwa. Ukwelashwa kufanele kube okuphelele. Ngasikhathi sinye kanye nokuncipha kokubonakaliswa kwe-hyper-tarred coma, kuyadingeka ukuthonya izimbangela ezakubangele.
Izinkinga zesikhathi sikashukela
Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zalesi sifo zibandakanya isifo sikashukela se-nephropathy, i-retinopathy, isifo sikashukela ne-diabetes. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka esikhathini eside sikashukela.
Zingavela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 kusuka ngosuku lokuxilongwa.
Izinkinga ezinjalo zesifo sikashukela azenzeki ngokuzumayo. Zivela kancane kancane isikhathi eside. Zivame kakhulu kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi azivamile ukwenzeka ezinganeni.
Isifo Sikashukela Sikashukela
Le nkinga yesifo sikashukela ibonakaliswa ukwephulwa kwezinso nokuvela kokwehluleka kwezinso. Lesi sifo sivela kumuntu eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kokutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, i-nephropathy iyimbangela eyinhloko yokufa kwesiguli.
I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela ihamba ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Ukunqunywa kwenani elincane lamaprotheni kumchamo.
- Ukunqunywa kwenani elikhulu lamaprotheni kumchamo.
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona.
Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe lapho ekuqaleni kwesifo. Inhloso yayo kulesi sigaba ukubuyisa umfutho wegazi wesiguli ube usujwayelekile. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezenza kube nomfutho wegazi futhi zithuthukise ukuphuma kwegazi ezinso.
Esigabeni esilandelayo salesi sifo, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo e-insulin, ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nokudla okungenawo usawoti. Imithi nayo iyathathwa ukuze yenze umfutho wegazi ube ngokwejwayelekile.
Inani lomfutho wegazi akufanele libe ngaphezulu kwe-130/80 mm. insika ye-mercury. Uma imithi enqunyelwe ingasebenzi, kukhethwa eminye.
Ukwehluleka ngokwezinso okungamahlalakhona kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukulondolozwa nokubulala Ngohlobo lokuqala, ukwelashwa kwalo kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuyalela izidakamizwa. Isisekelo sokwelashwa sinamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni nasekuvinjelweni kokudla usawoti. Kwezinye izimo, i-insulin inganqunywa.
Ukwelashwa kohlobo lwesibili lokuhluleka kwe-renal okungapheli kwenziwa esibhedlela ngaphansi kokuqashwa kochwepheshe. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe i-hemodialysis noma i-peritoneal dialysis. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthungwa kwesitho.
Isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela
Le nkinga ivezwa izilonda zokuphela kwezinzwa, izikhumba nezicubu kanye nemiphumela emathanjeni nasejoyini. Imiphumela yesifo sikashukela sikashukela yilesi:
- izilonda eziqatha nezingamahlalakhona,
- izinqubo ze-purulent
- ukunqunywa kwezingalo kungenzeka.
Ngendlela yesifo se-neuropathic yalesi sifo, amaphuzu abalulekile angenziwa:
- izinzwa ezinde kakhulu eziholela emilenzeni yemilenze zithinteka kuqala.
- Ngenxa yalokhu, lokhu kuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwezicubu ngezakhi zomzimba, okuholela ekunciphiseni nasekudukeni kwezinyawo.
- Futhi, njengomphumela wokusatshalaliswa okungalingani komthwalo onyaweni, kukhuphuka ezinye izingxenye zawo.
- Kuvela imichilo eminyene bese izicubu zivutha.
- Esizeni sokuvuvukala, izilonda ziyalandela.
- Indlela ye-ischemic yalesi sifo iholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezilonda ze-atherosulinotic zemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi.
- Unyawo luphenduka luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimweni ezingavamile luthola i-red-pink hue.
- Ukujikeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka nemilenze ibanda ukubanjwa.
Inkomba eyinhloko ekuvinjelweni nasekwelashweni kwale nkinga ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okusebenzayo kwesifo sikashukela. Futhi, ukuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselayo, ukudla kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha kusiza ukunciphisa izinkinga.
Isifo Sikashukela Ukuhlanzeka
Kubalulekile! Endabeni yesifo sikashukela, gcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukuhleleka ekhaya, kanye nezingubo ezihlanzekile.
Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo nokuqina kuzosiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kwandisa amandla nokuqina komzimba.
Futhi, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekunakekelweni kwamazinyo nasezintanjeni zomlomo. Njengoba unesifo sikashukela, ingozi yokuthola ama-caries nezinqubo zokuvuvukala zezinsini ikhuphuka kaningana. Udokotela wamazinyo kufanele avakashelwe kanye ezinyangeni ezi-6.
Futhi, ukubheka isimo sezinyawo kubaluleke kakhulu:
- Ngoshukela, isikhumba siyoma,
- kuvela imifantu nezilonda kuso.
- Kuyadingeka ukugeza njalo ngama-emollient uwoyela bese emva kwawo usonge ukhilimu onempilo esikhunjeni.
- Odokotela balulekisa ukuthi basebenzise izinto ezibukhali, amabala nesikhafu ukuphatha imilenze, okungalimaza isikhumba futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwegazi.
Ukugwema izingqinamba zesifo sikashukela, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi unake ngokucophelela zonke izimpawu ezibonakala phakathi kwalesi sifo futhi ungazinaki. Kaningi, ukufinyelela kudokotela okufika ngesikhathi kusiza ukuqala ukwelashwa ngendlela yesikhathi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kusindise nempilo.
