Eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule, isikhundla esiphambili kuzo zonke izindlela zokuhlinzwa ezishubile zesisu sasesiswini sasithathwa yi-appendicitis ne-cholecystitis. Namuhla, i-pancreatitis eyingozi iza kuqala, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-pancreas akhiqiza ujusi we-pancreatic odingekayo inqubo yokugaya, uhlanganisa ama-insulin nama-glucagon, abangela ukugcwala kweglucose egazini. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini walo mzimba kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi futhi kuthinte umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukuze ukhombe bese unakekela amakhono abo ngokuphumelelayo anjengalawa:
- i-pancreatitis
- amatshe emigqonyeni
- amasokisi
- necrosis
- amathumba amabi
kanye nezifo ze-duodenum, amathumbu, isibindi nesisu okuvela ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, ama-pancreas kumele ahlolwe ngokucophelela nangesikhathi.
Umuthi wanamuhla walezi zinhloso unenqwaba yamasu ahlukahlukene, izindlela zokuxilonga nezokuhlaziya zisetshenziswa, ngayinye inezici zayo futhi ithola ukusetshenziswa kuma-pathologies athile.
Ukuxilonga kanye nohlelo
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwamanyikwe, isiguli kufanele sibonane nodokotela, futhi ngemuva kwalokho sizomdlulisela ku-endocrinologist noma gastroenterologist. Udokotela, ngokubheka izikhalazo zesiguli, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye ne-palpation ye-gland, isibindi kanye nesisu, uzonikeza izinqubo ezidingekayo zokuxilonga.
Imvamisa kuma-pancreatitis asezingeni eliphakeme nezinye izifo ze-gland, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical - kukuvumela ukuthi unqume okuqukethwe kwe-pancreatic amylase.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal kwe-steatorrhea (inani elikhulayo lamafutha angathathi hlangothi) nokuba khona kwezicucu zokudla ezingatholwa.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-urochemical of umchamo - kwenza ukuthi kunqume izinga lokuhlungwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound - kusetshenziselwa ukunquma usayizi nokwakheka kwama-pancreas kanye nokutholwa kwama-tumors nama-cysts.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-CT ne-MRI ye-gland, isisu, isibindi ne-duodenum - kunquma ukubakhona kwezimpawu eziqondile zezifo zesitho.
- I-Biopsy
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza nokuhlaziya.
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga
I-X-ray ne-ultrasound yama-pancreas zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana nezivivinyo, ongabheka ngazo futhi uhlole umsebenzi we-exocrine wesitho. Futhi ngezinhloso zokuxilonga, zingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela. Ukuvivinya kuhlukaniswe ngombandela ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Uvivinyo oludinga uphenyo lwamathumbu.
- Ukuhlolwa okungavikeleki (okungenakwenzeka).
Inzuzo yeqembu lesibili induduzo enkulu isiguli, izindleko ezingabizi futhi akukho bungozi esigulini uma uzisebenzisa. Kepha lezi zivivinyo nokuhlaziya kune-minus, zinokuzwa okunganele nokucacile.
Ukuhlolwa kususelwa ekunqumeni kokulungiswa okwehlisiwe kwama-enzymes we-pancreatic futhi kusebenza kuphela ngokuncipha okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwama-enzyme.
Akusizo zonke iziguli ezinesifo se-pancreas, isisu, amathumbu, noma isibindi okudingeka ukuthi zivivinywe noma zingahloliwe. Ukukhethwa kwendlela kukhethwe isiguli ngasinye ngamunye.
Kuzo zonke izivivinyo zokuxilonga, okulandelayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa:
- i-hydrochloric acid;
- elastase;
- i-pancreosimine-secretin;
- Ukuhlolwa kweLund.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-pancreosimine-Secretin
Odokotela abaningi babheka ukusetshenziswa kwalolu vivinyo njengendinganiso yegolide ekuboneni i-pathologies yomsebenzi we-pancreas. Ukuqaliswa kwaso kufaka phakathi ukwethulwa kwesifo sokukhanyisa nge-lumen esigulini.
Inqubo yenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-fluoroscopy kanye nokufisa okungapheli. Inombolo edingekayo yezikhathi ngokulandelana iqoqa amasampula wokuqukethwe esiswini namathumbu, ngemuva kokwenza imijovo ye-pancreosimine neye-secretin.
Izilinganiso ezitholwayo zihlolwa ngokulinganisa ukuqoqwa kwama-bicarbonates, umsebenzi kanye nezinga le-trypsin secretion.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zibonisa ubukhona be-pancreatitis:
- ukuncishiswa okukhulu ekusungulweni;
- amazinga andisayo wama-enzyme;
- ukwehla ekuxakekeni kwama-bicarbonates.
Ukushoda kwe-enzyme ekhonjwayo kubonisa ubukhona be-pancreatitis engamahlalakhona. Uma, ngenxa yokuhlolwa, kutholakala i-bicarbonate alkalinity, isiguli kufanele sihlolwe emtholampilo we-oncology.
Izinkomba ezinjalo zingaba zombili ku-pancreatitis engapheli nezifo ezinobungozi endaweni yekhanda le-pancreatic.
Imiphumela emibi engamanga ingatholwa uma kutholakala ukuthi i-pancreatitis ye-biliary, kanye nesifo sikashukela mellitus, hepatitis kanye cirrhosis.
Uma zonke izimo zobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuhlola zahlangabezana, khona-ke ukunemba kokuxilongwa kwale ndlela kuphezulu kakhulu. Ububi baso kumane kungukuphazanyiswa kokuzwakala kwezwi duodenal esigulini, izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zama-reagents nobunzima bendlela yelebhu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydrochloric acid
Ekusetshenzisweni kwalokhu kuhlolwa, isixazululo se-hydrochloric acid ekuqoqweni okungu-0,5% sisetshenziswa njengesivuseleli secretion se-pacreatic, eyethulwa nge-probe intraduodenally, ngokufakwa kwe-sunflower noma i-olive yamafutha.
Indlela yokuqoqa ukufihla kwe-pancreatic kanye nokuhlaziywa kwayo kuyahambelana nalokho okwenziwe nokuphathwa kwe-intravenous kwezivuseleli.
Le ndlela ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi ingabizi, kepha inokunemba okuphansi kwedatha etholakele kuneyokuhlola kwangaphambilini. Kulokhu, kungcono ukuqala ukuhlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-pancreosimine-secretin, ngoba akwamukeleki ukwenza izifundo ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuhlolwa kweLund
Lokhu kuvivinya kwachazwa uLund ngo-1962. Lapho kwenziwa, okuqukethwe kwesisu esincane kuqoqwa yi-intubation ngemuva kokuthatha inani elithile lokudla okujwayelekile.
Le ndlela ihlose ukuhlola umsebenzi we-pancreas. Ekuseni, uphenyo lwe-X-ray lokuqhathanisa olwenziwe nge-polyvinyl ene-mercury noma umthwalo wensimbi olungiselelwe ukuphela kwalo lunikezwa isiguli esiswini esingenalutho.
Ngemuva kwalokho, isiguli sinikezwa ingxube yokudla ejwayelekile ngokufakwa kwefulawa yobisi nge-dextrose ne-oyela yemifino. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-aspirate ye-duodenal iqoqwa amahora amabili, isabalalisa lokho kuhlaziya ezitsheni ezineqhwa.
Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwama-pancreas kukuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga le-amylase, elivame ukuphakanyiswa nge-pancreatitis. Izinzuzo zale nqubo zibandakanya ukusebenziseka kalula, ukufinyeleleka, ukuntuleka komjovo we-intravenous.
Phakathi kokushiyeka, iphutha elithile lemiphumela elihambisana nokufakwa kwejusi nejusi lesisu lingahlukaniswa. Kwezinye izifo zesibindi, kanye nasezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma i-gastrostomy, imiphumela emihle-yamanga ingatholakala.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Elastase
Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela ezingeyona into ehlaselayo, lokhu kuvivinya kwenza sikwazi ukubona ubuthakathaka be-pancreatic pancreatic nge-pancreatitis ekuqaleni kwesigaba. Uma ukutholakala kwe-enzyme kutholakala ekuhlaziyeni, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa inqubo engapheli yokuvuvukala ku-gland.
Izinkomba zalolo hlobo lokuxilonga zingukuxilonga i-pancreatitis ebi kakhulu noma engamahlalakhona kanye nokusebenza kahle kwendlela enqunyelwe. Le ndlela iqukethe ekunqumeni i-elastase ekujuleni kwesiguli futhi yenzelwe i-pancreatitis engapheli, isifo sikashukela, i-pathologies ethile yesibindi kanye nesifo se-gallstone, ukuqondisa kuyizimpawu ze-pancreatitis engapheli.
Ama-pancreas angenye yezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyiqapha ngokucophelela futhi njalo uyiqaphe. Kunoma yisiphi isifo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngokushesha kuqalwe ukwelashwa okunekhono, okungabekwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa okugcwele nokuxilongwa okuhle.
