Enye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba yinkomba yezinga le-glucose kwiplasma yegazi. Uma i-glucometer ine-27 mmol / l, ungacabanga ngokwakhiwa kwe-hyperglycemia, okuyingozi enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu.
Isifo sikashukela mellitus - i-pathology ayihlali ihlala njalo, kepha, njengomthetho, impilo yonke: ukusungulwa kwe-insulin, izinhlobo eziyi-10 zemithi yokulwa ne-antidiabetic kanye ne-pancreas yokufakelwa ayixazululi inkinga.
Kepha kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukulawula iphrofayili yakho ye-glycemic ngokuthola isinxephezelo sikashukela esiphezulu ngosizo lwezinguquko zendlela yokuphila nemithi efanelekile.
Izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia
Ukukhuphula ushukela emazingeni abucayi akwenzeki kuma-diabetes kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izimo. Ukutshatha ukwelashwa okwanele, kubalulekile ukwazi imbangela yangempela yaleso sifo.
Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwe-hyperglycemia yomzimba kanye ne-pathological. Iqembu lokuqala lifaka:
- Uhlobo lokudla (alimentary) olwenzeka emva kokudla ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate, njengakwi-bulimia;
- Ukubukeka okungokomzwelo (ukusebenza), kwenzeka ngemuva kokuxineka kakhulu;
- Ngokulayisha ngokweqile ngokomzimba.
Izimo zePathological zifaka:
- Isifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo;
- Ukubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile;
- I-pancreatitis
- Izimo ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo njengokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo;
- Ukushiswa kwendawo enkulu nokulimala;
- I-Neoplasms kuma-pancreas;
- I-Transistor hyperglycemia ezinganeni;
- I-Thyrotooticosis, i-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, i-acromegaly;
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi;
- Isandulela sofuzo;
- Izifo zesimo esithathelwanayo (kwifomu elinamandla noma elingamahlalakhona).
Izinga le-glycemia emzimbeni lilawulwa ngamahomoni. I-insulin ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamangqamuzana eglucose emangqamuzaneni, okuseleyo kukhulisa ukucubungula kwe-glycogen ngesibindi nokushintshwa kweglucose kuye egazini.
Ingozi kashukela omningi
I-hyperglycemia evikelekile iyingozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga, ikakhulukazi kusukela ohlangothini lwenhliziyo, emithanjeni yegazi, ezinzwa.
Ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-glucose kunobuthi obuningi, ngoba ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kubangela ukusabela okulimaza umzimba wonke. I-glycation yamaphrotheni iyaqala, ebhubhisa ukwakheka kwezicubu nezindlela zokuphinda zisebenze.
Hlukanisa ama-micro and macroangiopathy. Esokuqala sithinta imithambo emincane yamehlo, izinso, ubuchopho, imilenze. I-retinopathy (ukulimaza kwemithambo yamehlo), i-nephropathy (ukulimaza emithanjeni yezinso), i-neuropathy (izinguquko ze-pathological emithanjeni yobuchopho) iba khona. Umbono uyancipha (kuze kufinyelele ekulahlekelweni okuphelele), izinso ziyavutha, imilente iyavuvukala, amanxeba aphulukisa kabi, isiyezi, ikhanda liphazamiseka njalo.
Ngemuva kokulimala kwemikhumbi emikhulu, imithambo yegazi, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho nenhliziyo, kungokuqala ukuhlupheka. Uma isifo sikashukela singelashwa noma isinxephezelo sikashukela singakapheleli, i-atherossteosis yathuthuka ngokushesha. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngomonakalo we-vascular kuze kufinyelele ekuqhekekeni kwabo, ngenxa yalokho - isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluyingozi, i-neuropathy, kuyinkinga evamile yesifo sikashukela. Ukweqile glucose kuthinta kabi imicu yezinzwa, kubhubhisa umchilo we-myelin we-nerve fiber. Imithambo iyavuvukala futhi iyaphuma. Lesi sifo singathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu ye-peripheral neva. Liziveza lodwa lodwa futhi lihlangana nezinye izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Imvamisa, i-neuropathy ihlanganiswa nezilonda ezithinta izicubu ezithambile, imilenze engezansi nayo iba sengozini kakhulu kulokhu. Konke lokhu kuholela kwisifo esibi, esibizwa ngokuthi "unyawo lwesifo sikashukela." Esimweni sokunganakwa, le ndlela iholela ekunqunyweni kwemilenze eqolo futhi okungeyona eyethusayo. Lapho iqine kakhulu "isipiliyoni" sesifo sikashukela, lapho ikhuphuka i-hemoglobin yayo glycated, iba ngcono kakhulu ingozi enjalo.
I-Polyneuropathy ingabonakala ngemizwa yobuhlungu, evuthayo, yokuqhuma. Mhlawumbe ukuntuleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kokuzwela emilenzeni. Ngokuqapha okwanele kwesimo sabo, izilonda ezingakhonjwanga kungenzeka, zilandelwe ukutheleleka konyawo nesikhathi eside sokuphulukisa ngenxa yokuncipha kokugomeka komzimba.
Ungawubona kanjani ushukela ophezulu
Ukwanda ushukela, kuze kufike ku-27 mmol / L, akuhambisani njalo nezimpawu ezinkulu. Ukukhathala, ukozela, umlomo owomile onezikhathi ezimfushane zokwanda kungabangelwa ukusebenza ngokweqile okujwayelekile, kanti i-hyperglycemia itholakala ngengozi, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba okujwayelekile.
Lapho isifo singena esigabeni esingamahlalakhona, umtholampilo othile uqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi yiziphi izizathu ezacasulisa amanani aphezulu eglucose, izimpawu zizofana, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthola imbangela ye-hyperglycemia kuphela ngezibonakaliso.
Ngama-degree ahlukahlukene, ohlukunyezwa angathola:
- Ukoma okungapheli nomlomo owomile;
- Ukuguqulwa kwesisindo (kokubili kwelinye futhi kwelinye);
- Ukwanda kokujuluka;
- Ukuya njalo endlini yangasese ngenxa yokuchama okwandayo;
- Ukwehla kokusebenza, ukulahlekelwa amandla;
- Ukulunywa, kuhambisana ne-candidiasis ye-membrane ye-mucous nesikhumba;
- I-Halitosis, okusikhumbuza i-acetone;
- Ukuqina kwemizwelo.
I-Hyperglycemia ingaxilongwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwelebhu, okunqunyelwa uhlobo losolwa 1 noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Isiguli sithatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi (kwe-biochemistry) kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo (okujwayelekile).
Uma, ngaphezu kwezikhalazo, kunezici ezikhuthaza i-hyperglycemia (ngokweqile, ukumelana ne-insulin, i-polycystic ovary, i-genetic predisposition), baphakamisa ukuthatha isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose nokubheka i-hemoglobin yakho ye-glycated.
Uma ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism kusungulwa, ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kuyenziwa ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-pathology futhi kunqume ezinye izinto ezidala ukwanda koshukela. Uma imbangela isunguliwe, ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa okubonakalayo.
Izindlela zosizo lokuqala
Kungenzeka yini ukusiza umuntu ekhaya uma ushukela okwimitha ungama-27 mmol / l, futhi ohlukunyezwayo angakhonondi ngokuhlala kahle? Ngeshwa, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqeqeshiwe akukwazi ukwabiwa ngakho, ngoba lesi simo sidinga ukuphathwa noma ukunikezwa kwesilinganiso semithi yezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic noma injekishini ye-insulin.
Uma isisulu singazi lutho (futhi ngokuqina kwegazi okuqinile, lokhu kungenzeka impela, njengoba odokotela bebheka inkomba 16 mmol / l esibucayi), kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma: ngokuphuthumayo shayela i-ambulensi, awukwazi ukuhlola imijovo kanye namathebulethi.
Uma kungekho ukwehluleka, kudingeka unikeze isiguli amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate. Ukubonisana nodokotela oholayo maduze nje futhi kuleli cala kuyadingeka.
Ukwelashwa kwezimo ze-hyperglycemic
Ukwelashwa kwezingane nabantu abadala kuhlobene ngqo nezimpawu nezimbangela zokuhlaselwa. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi kuqedwe imbangela, kunethuba lokuthi i-glycemia ihlale ngokwejwayelekile.
Uma kutholakala isifo sikashukela, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kunconywa ngokuyinhloko: ukulungiswa kokudla okunempilo ekuqondeni kokunciphisa umthamo we-carbohydrate, ukuhamba nsuku zonke nokuzivocavoca umzimba okwanele, ukulawulwa kwesimo somzwelo.
Izici ze-hyperglycemia in sikashukela
Izimo ze-Hyperglycemic zivame ukutholakala ngokunembile sinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2.
Uma ukutholakala kwegciwane sekutholakele futhi irejimeni yokwelashwa ichaziwe, kuye kwenzeka ushukela owengeziwe:
- Ngokulashwa okunganele;
- Ngenxa yokungahambelani nohlelo lokudla nolokwelashwa;
- Uma kukhona izifo ezihlangene, ukulimala, ukusebenza;
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa).
Ushukela we-plasma ophakeme nawo uyenzeka ebuntwaneni. Izimbangela nezimpawu ezinganeni ziyafana nabantu abadala. Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezisencane zitholakala zinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Izinhlobo ze-postprandial kanye nokuzila ukudla
Ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-glucometer ngemuva kokudla kuqoshwa lapho kudliwa ingxenye enkulu yama-carbohydrate asheshayo noma umthamo ongafundile wezidakamizwa. I-Endocrinologist izosebenzelana ngokwahlukana ne-postprandial hyperglycemia.
I-Hyperglycemia ekuseni (esiswini esingenalutho), ngemuva kwekhefu lehora lesishiyagalombili ekudleni, kungenxa yomsebenzi owengeziwe wesibindi ebusuku ngokukhishwa kwemithamo emikhulu yeglucose. I-Glycemia ingahunyushwa yenziwe ibe yodwa ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwemithamo yama-antidiabetesic agents. Ukunciphisa inani eliphelele lama-carbohydrate adliwayo kuyadingeka.
Ukubukwa kobusuku nokusa
Ukwahluka kobusuku ku-glycemia ekuqondeni kokunyuka kwenzeka emacaleni amabili: ngethamo elikhethwe ngokungafanele le-insulin nokukhiqizwa okukhuphuka kwe-glycogen esibindini. Esimweni sokuqala, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kwesibili - kwabanesifo sikashukela esinesifo sohlobo 2.
Uma isibindi sikhiqiza kakhulu ushukela ebusuku, udinga ukulungisa indlela odla ngayo, wenze imizamo yokuthi wehlise isisindo, ungadinga ukukhipha imithamo yemithi.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla okulula ngaphambi nje kokulala kusiza, kepha ukudla kufanele kucatshangwe: ingilazi evamile ye-kefir ngeke isebenze (imikhiqizo yobisi inyusa ushukela ebusuku), kungcono ukudla iqanda elibilisiwe elibilisiwe ngaphandle kwesinkwa nosawoti.
Ukuvuka kokusa ushukela kuhlinzekwa ngamahomoni we-contra-hormonal. Ukusabela okufanayo kungenzeka ngemuva kobusuku be-hypoglycemia. Kaningi ngesifo esithi "kusa kokusa" sibhekene nabanesifo sikashukela, i-insulin. Kwesinye isikhathi umjovo owengeziwe uyadingeka phakathi komjikelezo wokulala ebusuku.
Uma kunephampu ye-insulin, ingalungiswa ukuze ngesikhathi esifanele inikeze ingxenye ekhethiwe ye-insulin.
Ukuvimbela imiphumela ye-hyperglycemia
Yini engenziwa manje? Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngisho nesinyathelo esincane siwukuqala kohambo olude.
Okokuqala udinga ukususa izimbangela ezandisa ushukela, ngoba cha, ngisho nomuthi wesimanje kakhulu ngeke uqede izinkinga uma i-glycemia ingajwayelekile.
Noma iyiphi inkinga inephuzu okuthiwa alibuyi, lapho kungekho okusizayo, noma i-100% glycemic control. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umuntu kufanele alwele ukwehlisa ijubane ukukhula kwesifo. Ungawulawula kanjani ushukela lapho konke kungalahleki?
Buyekeza ukudla nokudla ukuze unciphise ama-carbohydrate futhi ukwandise imvamisa yokudla. Usayizi wokusebenza kumele wehliswe.
Isifo sikashukela esinesifo sohlobo 2 kufanele sicabange ngokunciphisa umzimba. Ngenkathi iseli likulebhulukwe elinamafutha, ama-receptor ayo awazweli i-insulin. Isifo sikashukela esinesifo sohlobo 1 asibhekene nokukhuluphala, kubalulekile ukuba sifunde ukunxephezela ama-carbohydrate nge-insulin ukuze kugwemeke amaconsi kashukela ngokushesha.
Kufanele uhlelele inqubo yakho yansuku zonke ukuze okungenani izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngesonto zinikezwe ihora lokuhamba okusebenzayo neminye imisebenzi yomzimba. Udinga ukutadisha ihora, futhi uthuthukile - kwababili.
Ukusebenza kwemisipha akufanele kube yi-static, kepha okunamandla: Ukhula kwengadi kuleli cala akuyona inketho. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kukhethwe i-aerobic, ukuze umzimba uthole umoya-mpilo owanele futhi ushise noshukela.
Ngaphandle kwesilinganiso senhliziyo esanele (60% se-submaximal), lokhu akwenzeki. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libalwa kalula: yobudala obungu-200. Ukusuka kwezemidlalo ngale njongo kufanelekile: ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukuhamba ngamandla noma ukugijima, i-yoga, ukubhukuda, ibhola, ithenisi.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 lesi sifo kuleli sici asithandi ukwehlisa isisindo, kepha senza umzimba ube ngokwejwayelekile i-lipid metabolism. Izinhlobo ezifakwe ohlwini zemithwalo nazo zilungele zona.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha ikhambi elifanele kanye nomthamo osebenzayo. Uma kungekho-100% isinxephezelo sikashukela, shintsha umuthi noma udokotela wakho.
Njengezindlela ezingezelelweyo, omunye umuthi ongasetjenziswa ungasetjenziswa, kodwana ngokuqondile njengowengeziwe. Kuyadingeka futhi ukulawula imizwa, ukugwema ukutheleleka kanye nokulimala.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokuqondile izinkomba zakho zoshukela nge-glucometer bese uziqopha kudayari. Izaba ezinjengokuthi "Ngizizwa ngijwayelekile manje" noma "ngeke ngithukuthele kakhulu ngenxa kashukela ophezulu" azamukeleki. Izilinganiso ezivame kakhulu, zokwehlisa amanani we-glycated hemoglobin, futhi lokhu kungukuphikisana okubucayi kokuvikela ukukhubazeka nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezinkingeni.
Ngokwezibalo, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, isilinganiso esingu-8 ngosuku sinikela ngo-6.5% we-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, "izinsuku zokuvivinya" ziyasebenziseka lapho kuhlolwa yonke iphrofayili: ushukela olambile ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla, kanye namahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, ngaphambi kokulala naphakathi kokulala kobusuku (amahora angu-2-3).
Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqala, kepha ngokuvamile, ummeleli ngamunye weqembu elisengozini, ikakhulukazi uma ushukela enama-27 mmol / l, kudingeka ukuthi ahlolwe njalo ngonyaka kusuka kubo bonke ochwepheshe abaholayo ukuthola izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ukuze baziphathe ngesikhathi esifanele. Futhi wagcina nini ukukuvivinya ngokomzimba?
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinkinga ze-hyperglycemia kuvidiyo.
