Uhlobo olujwayelekile lokukhishwa kwe-insulin kubantu abanesifo sikashukela umjovo. Kodwa-ke, inqubekela phambili kwisayensi yanamuhla yenze kwaba lula ukusungula umuthi osezibhebheni, okuthi ngezinga elithile kungenze impilo ibe lula kwiziguli. Ngemuva kwalokho awudingi ukwenza imijovo engaguquki, futhi isikhathi sokuphuza umuthi sizosetshenziswa sincane kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile komjovo
I-analogue yokwenziwa ye-insulin yabantu yasungulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngemuva kokuthuthuzelwa kaningana, umkhiqizo okwamanje uyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kunconyelwa izifo zohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili futhi lunezinhlobo eziningana: isenzo esifushane, eside futhi eside.
Ukukhethwa kwekhambi elifanele kwenziwa ngqo futhi kuxhomeke kakhulu kwimpilo yesiguli.
Isikhathi esiphakathi se-insulin singasebenza phakathi nosuku. Kwethulwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa esinenhliziyo enhle. Futhi, isidakamizwa esikhishwa isikhathi eside singasebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku, isikhathi sokuphatha sisungulwa ngawodwana.
Ukuphatha umuthi namuhla, kusetshenziswa amasirinji oyinyumba, kanye nabathengisi ngamanye amandla wokufaka inani lesisombululo. Kufanele zigcinwe njalo nawe ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqubo ezidingekayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Futhi, iziguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi zibe ne-glucometer ngayinye yokuqapha inkambo yesifo.
Umsuka wezibhebhe ze-insulin
Ukucwaninga emkhakheni wesifo sikashukela kanye ne-hormone esebenza nge-glucose kuqale ekuqaleni kwamashumi amabili eminyaka, lapho kutholwa ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwe-insulin noshukela emzimbeni womuntu. Imijovo, manje esetshenziswa ngentshiseko ngabanesifo sikashukela, yathuthuka kancane kancane.
Udaba lokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngendlela yamathebulethi selukhona iminyaka eminingi. Abokuqala ukubabuza yayingososayensi abavela eDenmark nase-Israel. Baqale intuthuko yokuqala emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amathebulethi futhi benza uchungechunge lokuhlola okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo okungenzeka. Futhi, ucwaningo oluvela emashumini ayisishiyagalolunye eminyaka edlule lwenziwe ngabameli baseNdiya naseRussia, imiphumela yayo ifana kakhulu nemikhiqizo evela eDenmark nase-Israyeli.
Namuhla, izidakamizwa ezithuthukisiwe zidlulisa ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ezilwaneni. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze bahlela ukukhiqiza kakhulu njengenye indlela yomjovo.
Umehluko ngendlela yesenzo somuthi
I-insulin iprotheni ekhiqiza amanyikwe emzimbeni. Ngokushoda kwayo, i-glucose ayifiki emangqamuzaneni, ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wazo cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi uyaphazamiseka futhi kuba nesifo sikashukela.
Ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla. Emzimbeni ophilile, ama-pancreas ngesikhathi sokuxineka okwandayo aqala ukukhiqiza ngamandla i-hormone engena ngaphakathi kwesibindi emithanjeni yegazi. Ubuye alawule nenani lawo. Lapho inj inj, ngokushesha i-insulin ingena egazini, idlule isibindi.
Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthatha i-insulin ezibhebheni kungaphepheka kakhulu ngoba kule ndaba isibindi sizobamba iqhaza emsebenzini waso, okusho ukuthi ukulawulwa okufanele kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lwabo, ungasusa imijovo ebuhlungu yansuku zonke.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili ze-insulin ezibhebheni phezu kwemijovo ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo isiza ukucubungula isibindi; lapho ingeniswa, ayibambi iqhaza ekucutshungweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubunzima besifo, ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yenhliziyo, kanye nokuvela kokuntekenteka kwama-capillaries kungenzeka.
Lapho udakwe, umuthi uhlala ungena esibindini futhi udlulise ukulawula ngosizo lwawo. Ngakho-ke, kunohlelo olufana nohlelo lwemvelo lwehomoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin yethebhulethi inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukhumbula izinqubo ezibuhlungu, izibazi nokulimala emva kwabo;
- Akudingi izinga eliphezulu lokuqina;
- Ngokulawula umthamo we-insulin ngesibindi ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, ubungozi bokweqisa ngokweqile buncishiswa kakhulu;
- Umphumela womuthi uhlala isikhathi eside kunemijovo.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, i-insulin noma amaphilisi, kubalulekile ukuba uzijwayeze ngamaphutha okugcina. Kungaba nokukhipha okukhethekile okukodwa, okuhlobene nomsebenzi wamanyikwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi uma udla imishanguzo ngaphakathi, umzimba usebenza ngamandla wonke futhi usheshe wehle.
Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, intuthuko nayo iyaqhubeka emkhakheni wokuxazulula le nkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pancreas azosebenza ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla, hhayi njalo, njengalapho besebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Contraindication
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa, banezinqunyelwe ezithile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqapha ezifweni zesibindi nezokuthambeka kwenhliziyo, i-urolithiasis kanye ne-peptic ulcer.
Kungani izingane kungafanele ziphuze i-insulin ezibhebheni? Lokhu kuphambana kuhlobene nokuntuleka kwedatha emiphumeleni yezifundo emkhakheni wohlelo lwayo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ushintshe kusuka kwizixazululo uye kumathebhulethi?
Njengoba amaphilisi e-insulin okwamanje engaphansi kokuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa, idatha yocwaningo olunembile nolwanele ayikatholakali. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamathebulethi kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe futhi kuphephile, ngoba kulimaza kakhulu umzimba kunasemijovo.
Lapho kuthuthukiswa amaphilisi, ososayensi bake bahlangabezana nezinkinga ezithile ezihlobene nezindlela kanye nesivinini se-hormone ukungena egazini, okwenze ukuthi izivivinyo eziningi zehluleke.
Ngokungafani nemijovo, into evela ezibhebheni yafakwa kancane, futhi umphumela wokwehla ushukela awuzange uhlale isikhathi eside. Isisu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibona iprotheni njenge-amino acid ejwayelekile futhi siyigaya ngemodi ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlula isisu, i-hormone ingabhidlika amathumbu amancane.
Ukuze kugcinwe i-hormone isesimweni sayo esifanele ize ingene egazini, ososayensi bakhulisa umthamo wayo, kwathi igobolondo lenziwa ngezinto ezingavumeli ijusi ye-gastric ukuthi ilichithe. Ithebhulethi entsha, engena esiswini, ayizange ihlehle, kwathi lapho ingena emathunjini amancane yakhipha i-hydrogel, eyayigxunyekwe ezindongeni zayo.
I-inhibitor ayizange ichitheke emathunjini, kodwa yavimbela isenzo sama-enzyme kulo muthi. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, umuthi awuzange ubhujiswe, kodwa ungene ngokuphelele egazini. Ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele komzimba kwenzeka ngokwemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka ukushintshela esikhundleni se-insulin kumathebulethi, kufanele asetshenziswe. Uma ulandela umbuso futhi uqapha izinga leshukela, ukwelashwa nalo kungasebenza kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo i-insulin nazo ezingaba kuzo?
Izinketho ezazibhekwe ngaphambilini zokukhishwa kwe-insulin ngendlela yesisombululo sokufakwa ngaphakathi ekhaleni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthuka nokuhlolwa akuphumelelanga ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso sangempela se-hormone kusisombululo asikwazanga ukusungulwa ngenxa yobunzima bokufakwa kwengxenye kwengxenye egazini nge-membrane ye-mucous.
Futhi, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezilwaneni nasekuphatheni umuthi ngomlomo ngendlela yesisombululo. Ngosizo lwayo, amagundane wokuhlola asheshe aqeda ukuntuleka kwama-hormone namazinga kashukela egxilile endabeni yemizuzu.
Amazwe ambalwa athuthukile omhlaba empeleni akulungele ukukhululwa kokulungiswa kwethebhulethi. Ukukhiqiza kakhulu kuzosiza ukuqeda ukushoda kwezidakamizwa emhlabeni wonke futhi kwehlise inani lentengo emakethe. Futhi, ezinye izikhungo zezokwelapha eRussia sezivele zikusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa futhi zibona imiphumela emihle ekwelashweni.
Isiphetho
I-insulin esezibhebheni ayinalo igama okwamanje, ngoba ucwaningo kule ndawo alukaqedwa. Okwamanje, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengomkhiqizo wokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zezinzuzo zalo ziye zaphawulwa uma ziqhathaniswa nezidakamizwa ezijwayelekile. Kepha kukhona nezingqinamba futhi ezibalulekile ukucubungula. Ngakho-ke, i-insulin esezibhebheni inentengo ephezulu, kodwa kusenzima kakhulu ukuyithola.
