Isifo sikashukela sabantwana sibangela izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu kunesifo esifanayo kubantu abadala. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: ingane ene-glycemia kunzima ukuyijwayela phakathi kontanga futhi kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe kuye ukuba ishintshe imikhuba yayo.
Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela kuleli cala siyinkinga yezengqondo kunokuba sibe yokomzimba.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi 'ukuyibala' ekuqaleni. Ukwazi izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kuwumsebenzi obalulekile kubazali.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Ezigulini ezincane, thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo sibangelwa ukwanda kofuzo. Umfutho wokwakhiwa kwe-pathology unikeza isici esithile sangaphandle, esivame ukutheleleka. Kepha imbangela ingaba ukucindezela noma ubuthi obunobuthi.
Yiziphi izimpawu ongaziqonda ukuthi ingane iba nesifo
Isifo sikashukela mellitus wengane enonyaka owodwa sitholakala kabi. Ingane ebeleni, ngokungafani nezingane ezindala, ayikwazi ukukhuluma ngempilo yayo.
Futhi abazali, lapho bebona i-malaise yakhe, bavame ukungabukeli phansi ubungozi besimo.
Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sitholakala sekwephuze kakhulu: lapho umntwana etholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma i-ketoacidosis (acidization yegazi). Lesi simo siholela ekuqothulweni komzimba kanye nokuqina kwezinso ezinganeni.
I-Symbomatology yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- kusukela ekuzalweni, ingane ine-dermatitis ehlukahlukene nokucasuka. Emantombazaneni, lokhu kuyi-vulvitis, futhi kubaqhiqhi be-diaper abafana nokuqunjelwa kuyabonakala ku-grinin nejwabu;
- ukoma okungapheli. Ingane iyakhala futhi ayinankinga. Kepha uma umnatha isiphuzo, wehlisa masinyane.
- ngokudla okujwayelekile, usana luzuza kabi;
- ukuchama kwenzeka kaningi futhi nephrofayili. Ngasikhathi sinye, umchamo wengane unamathele kakhulu. Ushiya isimilo esimhlophe, enamathela emgodini;
- ingane ivame ukunqena ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ungumuntu obabayo futhi oyingozi;
- isikhumba sengane siye somile futhi siqhashe.
Isifo sikashukela singakhula kumntwana osanda kuzalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe. Ubungozi balesi simo ukuthi isifo sikashukela sithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi sisongela ikhefu likashukela ngaphandle kokungenelela okuphuthumayo.
Kumntwana osanda kuzalwa, i-Symbomatology yehlukile:
- ukugabha okukhulu kanye nohudo;
- ukuchama njalo kanye nokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba.
Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala
Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zivela kakhulu futhi ngokushesha: ezinsukwini ezimbalwa (kwesinye isikhathi amasonto). Ngakho-ke, akufanele ucabange ukuthi yonke into izohamba yodwa, kunalokho, udinga ukuya esibhedlela nomntwana ngokuphuthumayo.
I-Symbomatology yesifo sikashukela eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- ingane ivame ukuchama. Isizathu ukuthi ngesifo sikashukela uhlala uzizwa womile. Uma uqaphela ukuthi ingane iqala ukuya endlini yangasese ngisho nasebusuku, lesi yisizathu sokuqaphela. Mhlawumbe lokhu ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela;
- ukunciphisa isisindo. Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe kungenye uphawu lokushoda kwe-insulin. Ingane incipha amandla umzimba owuthatha ushukela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukucubungula okusebenzayo kokuqongelelwa kwamafutha kuqala, futhi ingane ilahlekelwa isisindo;
- ukukhathala;
- ukwanda kwezifo;
- izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zihlala zilambile, noma ngabe zidla okujwayelekile. Lesi yisici sesifo. Ukukhathazeka kwabazali kufanele kubangele ukulahleka kwesifiso enganeni eneminyaka eyi-2 - 2, ngoba lokhu kungaba yisiqalo sokukhula ketoacidosis. Ukuxilongwa lokhu kuzoqinisekiswa wukuphefumula kwe-acetone kusuka emlonyeni wengane, ukozela kanye nezikhalazo zobuhlungu besisu.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo ngalesi sifo eminyakeni engama-5-7
I-Symbomatology yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zonyaka ifana nalena yomuntu omdala. Kepha ngenxa yezizathu zomzimba, isifo sikashukela ezinganeni sidalulwa kakhulu.
Ukuboniswa kwemitholampilo kungokulandelayo:
- ngenxa yokuphuza njalo, ingane ihlala inxusa ukuthi uchame: imini nobusuku. Ngakho-ke umzimba wengane ufuna ukuqeda ushukela ngokweqile. Ukuhlangana ngokuqondile kuyabonakala: lapho kukhuphuka ushukela, kuqina ukoma futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuchama kaningi. Imvamisa yokuhambela endlini encane ingafinyelela izikhathi ezingama-20 ngosuku. Ngokuvamile - izikhathi ezi-5-6. Ingane nama-envesis acindezelekile ngokwengqondo;
- ukomisa nokujuluka;
- ngemuva kokudla, ingane izizwa ibuthakathaka;
- ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba.
Uma ingane itholakala nesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, khona-ke ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezibalwe, kuzongezwa izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukumelana ne-insulin. Kulokhu, amangqamuzana awazweli ku-insulin futhi awakwazi ukudonsa ngempumelelo ushukela;
- isisindo ngokweqile;
- Izimpawu ezithambile zesifo sikashukela.
Ngabe i-pathology ibonakaliswa kanjani eminyakeni engama-8-10?
Izingane zesikole zisengozini ephezulu kakhulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela. I-Pathology ikhula ngokushesha futhi ivuza kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuyikhomba ngalesi sikhathi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sifo asinazo izimpawu zomlingiswa. Ingane ibukeka ikhathele futhi icindezelekile.
Imvamisa abazali bathi lokhu kuziphatha kukhathala ngenxa yokuxineka esikoleni noma kwemizwa. Yebo, nengane uqobo, ingaziqondi izizathu zalesi simo, iphinde futhi ayikhonondi kubazali ngenhlala-kahle yabo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology ezinjengokuthi:
- ukuthuthumela emilenzeni (imvamisa ezandleni);
- iinyembezi kanye nokukhubazeka;
- ukwesaba okungenampilo nama-phobias;
- umjuluko osindayo.
Ngokwesifo esiqhubekayo, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ziyimpawu:
- ingane iphuza kakhulu: ngaphezu kwamalitha ama-4 ngosuku;
- imvamisa iya endlini yangasese encane. Lokhu kuyenzeka futhi ebusuku. Kepha into enzima kakhulu kulesi simo enganeni ukuthi aphoqelekile ukuthi athathe ikhefu esifundweni;
- ufuna ukuluma ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma ingane ingagcini ekudleni, ingadlula;
- noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isifiso sokudla siyanyamalala. Lokhu kufanele kuxwayise abazali ngokushesha: i-ketoacidosis kungenzeka;
- ukunciphisa isisindo;
- izikhalazo zombono onsundu;
- Ngifuna impela amaswidi;
- ukuphulukiswa kabi kwamanxeba nokuqunjazwa. Imvamisa esikhunjeni sefomu lezinsana ezingalaphi isikhathi eside;
- ukopha kwezinsini;
- isibindi siyakhula (singabonakala nge-palpation).
Ukubona lezo zimpawu, abazali kufanele bayise ingane kudokotela we-endocrinologist. Into esemqoka ukukhomba i-pathology kwasekuqaleni bese uqala ukwelashwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma ubheka lesi sifo, ingane izokhula i-hyperglycemia.
I-Symbomatology ye-hyperglycemia imi kanje:
- ukugoba ezingalweni nasemilenzeni;
- i-tachycardia;
- Umfutho wegazi ungaphansi kwesijwayelekile;
- ukoma okukhulu;
- ulwelwesi olomile lwe-mucous;
- ukugabha nohudo;
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- i-polyuria enzima;
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Imikhuba yoshukela wegazi ngeminyaka kanye nezizathu zamanani aphezulu
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanani kashukela wegazi ngokuqondile ancike eminyakeni yobudala yengane. Kunomthetho: lapho ingane ikhula, ikhuphuka amanani ayo eglucose.
Ngakho-ke, okujwayelekile kuthathwa (mmol ngelitha):
- Izinyanga eziyi-0-6 - 2.8-3.9;
- kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni - 2.8-4.4;
- ngeminyaka engu-2-3 - 3.2-3.5;
- eneminyaka engu-4 - 3.5-4.1;
- eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala - 4.0-4.5;
- eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala - 4.4-5.1;
- kusuka eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya kwengu-8 - 3.5-5.5;
- kusuka eminyakeni engu-9 kuye kweyi-14 ubudala - 3.3-5.5;
- kusuka eminyakeni engu-15 nangaphezulu - okujwayelekile kufana nezinkomba zabantu abadala.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi amanani kashukela wegazi kumntwana osanda kuzalwa nasenganeni aze afike eminyakeni eyi-10 ayixhomekile ebulilini. Ushintsho lwezinombolo lwenzeka (futhi ngisho kancane) kuphela kwintsha nasebadala.
Amanani aphansi ezinganeni kuze kube unyaka achazwa yiqiniso lokuthi isitho esincane esincane sisakhula. Kulesi sikhathi, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile ukuthi imvuthuluka ngemuva kokudla inamazinga anamandla kashukela.
Futhi ngemuva kokuzivocavoca umzimba, ngokungafani nalokho, bayancipha. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwembula ushukela omningi, ingane isengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela.
Kepha isizathu sokwanda koshukela wegazi kungaba kwesinye:
- ukulungiselela okungalungile kokuhlaziywa. Ingane yadla ngaphambi kwenqubo;
- Ngosuku olwandulela lolu cwaningo, ingane yadla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kakhulu ne-carbohydrate. Lezi zizathu zombili zingumphumela wokungafundi kwabazali. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwenziwa kuphela esiswini esingenalutho;
- ushukela wakhula ngenxa yokushaqeka okuqinile okungokomzwelo (okuvame ukungabi nakho). Lokhu bekungukuthi iqiniso lokuthi indlala yegilo isebenza kahle kumodi ethuthukisiwe.
Uma ukuhlaziya kudluliswe ngendlela efanele futhi kukhombisa ushukela omningi, ingane izonikezwa ukubuyisa igazi.
Zingaki izingane ezibhalela ushukela?
Imvamisa yokuchama iyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu. Kusayina isimo sohlelo lwe-urogenital lomntwana. Ngakho-ke, uma ukwephulwa kombuso ojwayelekile kuqashelwa, imbangela kufanele ikhonjwe ngokushesha.
Enganeni enempilo (njengoba ikhula), umthamo womchamo wansuku zonke uyanda, futhi isibalo sokuchama, kunalokho, siyancipha.
Udinga ukugxila kumanani alandelayo nsuku zonke:
| Iminyaka | I-Urine Volume (ml) | Isibalo sokuchama |
| Kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha | 300-500 | 20-24 |
| Izinyanga eziyisithupha ngonyaka | 300-600 | 15-17 |
| 1 kuya ku-3 iminyaka | 760-830 | 10-12 |
| Iminyaka engu-3-7 | 890-1320 | 7-9 |
| Iminyaka engu-7-16 ubudala | 1240-1520 | 7-8 |
| U-9-13 ubudala | 1520-1900 | 6-7 |
Uma kunokuphambuka okubalulekile kulezi zihlahlandlela, lesi yisikhathi sokukhathazeka. Lapho umthamo wansuku zonke womchamo wehla ngo-25-30%, i-oliguria yenzeka. Uma lenyuke ngesigamu noma ngaphezulu, bakhuluma nge-polyuria. Ukuchama okungajwayelekile ezinganeni kwenzeka ngemuva kokuhlanza nokuhudula, ukuntuleka kwamanzi okuphuza nokushisa ngokweqile.
Lapho ingane ibhala kaningi, imbangela ingaba:
- ukupholisa;
- inani elikhulu lokudakwa;
- ukucindezela
- isifo sezinso
- izibungu.
Udokotela wezingane kufanele anqume imbangela yokuphambuka kususelwa ekuhlolweni.
Ukufiphala kwesifo sikashukela
Elinye igama yi-rubeosis. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komzimba emzimbeni wengane kanye nokuqothuka kwegazi okuncane. Ngenkambo engazinzi yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, ukuvela okungatheni kwezihlathi, ubomvu bebunzi ne-chin kuyabonakala.
Izithombe zangaphakathi zalesi sifo (WKB)
Ucwaningo lwe-WKB lusiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde isimo sangaphakathi sengane noma esakhula. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwesiguli kukhulisa ukuqonda kwengqondo yakhe.
I-WKB isiza ukuthola ukuthi ingane ibhekana kanjani nokugula kwayo, imizwa yayo injani, isicabanga kanjani lesi sifo, ukuthi ngabe iyasiqonda yini isidingo sokwelashwa nokuthi iyakholelwa ekusebenzeni kwayo.
I-WKB imvamisa yenziwa ngendlela yokuhlola futhi ifaka izinto ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
- izici zokuphendula kwengqondo ngokomzwelo kwengane;
- ukuvezwa kwenhloso kokugula;
- ubuhlakani;
- okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwezifo ezedlule;
- ulwazi lomzimba wabo;
- umqondo wezimbangela zokugula nokufa;
- isimo sabazali nodokotela kwesiguli.
Izici zezifundo zohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela ezinganeni ezincane
Umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela unjengokulandelayo:
- ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ama-5-25% eziguli ezincane anokuntuleka kwe-insulin;
- Izimpawu ze-pathology zithambile;
- ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinkinga ze-myocardial nezemithambo;
- ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, ama-autoantibodies angatholakala, futhi lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale kunzima ukuthola isifo;
- ezimweni ezingama-40%, ekuqaleni kwe-pathology, izingane zine-ketosis.
Izingane ezinokukhuluphala (noma lezo ezithambekele kukho) kufanele zihlolelwe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukuhlaziya nezinye izindlela zokuxilonga
Izifundo eziphoqelekile ziqukethe:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo we-glucose;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated;
- ukubekezelela ushukela;
- Igazi Ph (kusuka emthanjeni);
- ukuzimisela kwe-insulin ne-C-peptide;
- ukuhlaziywa komchamo wama-ketones;
- I-Ultrasound yamanyikwe, kanye ne-AT-ICA kuhlobo lwentsha yesifo sikashukela.
Izimiso zokwelapha isifo sikashukela sengane
Njengoba wazi, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kukhona indlela ephansi ye-insulin noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kubandakanya ukufakwa kokushoda kwama-hormone.
I-Therapy inama-syncinge we-insulin. Futhi lapha indlela yomuntu ngamunye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kwakheka ngudokotela obheka isiguli esincane.
Kubheka ukuphakama nesisindo saso, isimo somzimba nobukhali be-pathology. Uma kunesidingo, udokotela uzolungisa ukwelashwa. Esinye isimo esibalulekile ukulandela ukudla okuthuthukile.
Udokotela uzofundisa abazali nengane ukubala okulungile kokudla, akhulume ngokudla okuvunyelwe nalokhu okungadliwa ngokwezigaba. Udokotela uzokhuluma ngezinzuzo nangesidingo semfundo yomzimba, nomphumela wayo ku-glycemia.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zesifo sikashukela enganeni:
Lapho abantu abadala begula, kulukhuni, kodwa lapho izingane zethu zigula, kuyethusa. Uma ingane isatholakala nesifo sikashukela, abazali akufanele bakhathazeke, kepha baqinise amandla abo futhi benze konke okusemandleni engane yabo ukuze iphile impilo ephelele, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uyakhumbula lesi sifo.
