Mayelana nokukhethwa kwe-insulin, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin nokuqhathaniswa kwayo namathebulethi anciphisa ushukela

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela mellitus sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili, i-insulin ijwayele ukusetshenziswa. Le hormone inxephezela ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, inciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga.

Iziguli zinikezwa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ngokwezinhlelo ezenzelwe zona ngazinye. Yiziphi izici zokwelashwa kwe-insulin ne-insulin, lesi sihloko sizosho.

Kungani ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kudinga ukwelapha isifo sikashukela?

Uma umuntu emelana ne-insulin, khona-ke amaseli wezinhlaka alahlekelwa amandla abo okubamba ushukela bese eqala ukuzwa indlala. Lokhu kuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo: isibindi, indlala yegilo, izinso nobuchopho ziqala ukuhlupheka.

Isifo sikashukela sithinta zonke izitho zomzimba

Isifo sikashukela esingalashwa siholela ekukhubazekeni, ekhefeni nasekufeni.. Ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, lapho ama-pancreas engakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin, ukuphathwa okwengeziwe kwehomoni kubalulekile.

Izinkomba ezingaphelele nezincomo

Namuhla, ngaphezu kwe-30% yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zinikezwa imijovo ye-insulin. Izinkomba ezingasho lutho zokwelapha yilezi:

• uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology;
• Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo uma: isidlo esisezingeni eliphansi se-carb nezidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic zingasebenzi, kunezindlela ezimbi ezenzeka ngayo ezidakamizweni, kutholakala ukuthi kunezifo zegazi, isibindi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, umfazi unengane noma ayincelise;
• inhlanganisela yesifo sikashukela esinezifo ezithathelwanayo nezihlanzekile, i-myocardial infarction, i-anorexia;
• ubunzima obukhulu bokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine (i-neuropathy, isifo sikashukela sonyawo).

Imithetho kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa kwe-insulin yesifo sikashukela

Ingozi yokuthola izimpawu ezingemnandi ngemuva komjovo we-insulin inyuka ngomthamo okhethwe ngokungafanele, ukwephulwa kwezimo zokugcina umkhiqizo.

Isiguli singathola i-hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, komzimba kanye nokukhubazeka okubukwayo. Ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-insulin, udinga ukwazi izimiso futhi ulandele imithetho yokwelashwa.

Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela

Ukushintshashintsha okusondele kakhulu koshukela wegazi kuya kokuphilayo okujwayelekile kungenzeka ngokulandela le mithetho kanye nemigomo:

• isilinganiso somuthi wansuku zonke kufanele sihambisane nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngokwenziwa kwamanyikwe;
• sabalalisa umthamo ngokuya ngalolu hlelo: 2/3 ekuseni, kwasemini nakusihlwa, 1/3 ebusuku;
• hlanganisa i-insulin emfushane nesikhathi eside;
• Kunconywa imijovo ngaphambi kokudla;
• musa ukuphathisa amayunithi angaphezu kuka-16 wezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokubambisana.

Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela

Ngefomu lesifo elizimele le-insulin, kuyabiza:

• ungakhansele izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic;
• landela ngokuqinile ukudla;
• Enza imisebenzi eyenziwe ngokomzimba.

Ngoshukela ezinganeni

Ukuze wandise isikhathi sokuphila kwengane, ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yesifo, kufanelekile:

• hlanganisa i-insulin emfushane nomuthi osebenza isikhathi eside;
• yenza imijovo ye-hormone yesikhathi esiphakathi kabili noma kathathu ngosuku;
• izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 zenza ukwelashwa okuqinisiwe;
• lungisa umthamo ngezigaba;
• nokuzwela okuphezulu, amaphimbo ahlukanisayo ahlukanisayo.

Kunzima enganeni enesifo sikashukela ukuqedela uhlelo lwesifundo sesikole: udinga ukujova izidakamizwa ngesikhathi esithile. Ukwenza lula ukwelashwa ,fihla lesi sifo kwezinye izingane, khetha ukwelashwa kwephampu. Iphampu ikhipha ngokuzenzakalela i-hormone emzimbeni lapho izinga likashukela likhuphuka.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singenzeka. Isidingo se-insulin kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sikhuphuka.

Ukuze ulondoloze impilo ejwayelekile, kufanelekile ukulandela le mithetho:

• kaningi lungisa ukwelashwa (kulesi simo, i-metabolism ibonakala ngokungazinzi);
• shintshela ku-insulin yomuntu (ukusabela okwenziwa yileli gciwane kwenzeka kaningi kulo kungelulubeni noma kwi-bovine);
• ukuvikela i-hyperglycemia, thatha imijovo emibili ngosuku;
• sebenzisa izidakamizwa eziphakathi nendawo, ezimfishane;
• ukuze ushukela ungavuki ebusuku, ngaphambi kokulala, udinga ukufaka umjovo umuthi osebenza isikhathi eside;
• Awukwazi ukuqhubeka ulawula ushukela ngamathebulethi.

Izici zokuqina, i-basal bolus kanye ne-pump insulin therapy

Odokotela basebenzise izindlela eziqinisiwe, ezisisekelo se-bolus nezimpompo zokuphatha i-pancreatic hormone ukwelapha iziguli. Indlela yokuqala isuselwa ekulingiseni ukugcinwa kwemvelo kwehomoni phakathi nosuku.

Indlela eqinisiwe ibonakala ngezici ezinjalo:

• imijovo eminingana yenziwa ngosuku;
• sebenzisa ikakhulukazi umuthi obamba amafushane;
• umuthi wesikhathi eside ofakwe kumithamo emincane ngendlela yomjovo we-basal;
• isikhathi somjovo sikhethwa ngokuya ngokuthi umuntu uhlela ukudla nini.

Ubuhlungu bokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kwe-bolus ukuthi ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kufakwa insulin isikhathi eside noma esifushane. Ngakho-ke ukulingisa kokusebenza kwemvelo kwamanyikwe kuyatholakala. Enye ingxenye ye-hormone enezinga elifanelekile le-insulin, okwesibili ivimba ukugeleza ushukela.

Izici zokwelapha nge-pump insulin yilezi:

• ukubumbana kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-hormone kumjovo owodwa;
• ukunciphisa inani lemijovo;
• ukuphathwa okuzenzakalelayo kwalo muthi;
• ukungakwazi ukulingisa umsebenzi wemvelo wama-pancreas.

Ngabe ngidinga ukufaka i-insulin uma ushukela kuyinto evamile?

Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II, ipancreas iyakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elithile le-hormone ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu uneveli evamile kashukela.

Uma i-glycemia esheshayo ingu-5.9, futhi ngemuva kokudla ingeqi i-7 mmol / l, khona-ke i-insulin ingashiywa okwesikhashana.

Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukubheka isimo futhi ulawule ukugcwala kwe-glucose egazini ngemivimbo yokuhlolwa.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma uphuthelwa umjovo?

Kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu akhohlwe ukujova i-insulin. I-algorithm yezenzo ezengeziwe incike ekutheni kangaki ngosuku isiguli senza imijovo:

• uma kuthathwa umthamo owodwa lapho kufakwa i-hormone enwetshiwe kabili ngosuku, kufanelekile ukuguqula izinga le-glycemia emahoreni ayi-12 alandelayo ngomuthi osebenza kancane. Noma wandise ukusebenza ngokomzimba ukuze ukusetshenziswa kweglucose yemvelo kwenzeke;
• uma umuthi uphathwa kanye ngosuku, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12 kusuka kumjovo ophuthelwe, yenza umjovo engxenyeni yethamo;
• lapho weqa i-insulin ye-bolus, umuthi kufanele uphathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla. Ungakhulisa ukusebenza komzimba futhi ubheke amazinga kashukela. Uma i-glucometer ikhombisa i-glycemia ye-13 mmol / l, ke kufanelekile ukwethula amayunithi we-1-2 ama-hormone amafushane.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-insulin ne-adrenaline?

I-Adrenaline ne-insulin yizinto ezimbili eziphikisanayo ezisebenzayo.

Ngokwe-Russian Endocrinology Research Center, iyunithi ye-insulin inciphisa ukugxila kwe-glucose ngo-2 mmol / l, kanti u-1 ml we-adrenaline uvimba ngokuphelele ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic.

Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi i-insulin (i-adrenaline) isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kushukela: ukuncika kobudala bomuntu, isisindo sakhe, nokusebenza komzimba kungalandelelwa. Ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa zithinta abantu abasha nabancane, izingane ziqine ngokwengeziwe.

Uhlelo Lokunomsoco kanye nokuqapha iGlucose Monitoring

Kubalulekile kumuntu okhulile nengane okutholwe ukuthi unesifo sikashukela ukulandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi. Isampula lecebo lokudla:

• ibhulakufesi (4 XE) - ingxenye yepalishi likakhokho, ingilazi yobisi;
• umthamo (1 XE) - izithelo;
• isidlo sasemini (2 XE) - inyama, imifino, amazambane abunjiwe;
• itiye ntambama (1 XE) - izithelo;
• isidlo sakusihlwa (4 XE) - iphalishi ngesaladi, inhlanzi ebhakwe;
• ngaphambi kokulala (1 XE) - ucezu lwesinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu ngetiye.

Imikhiqizo iphikisiwe:

• inyama yengulube, inhlanzi enamafutha;
• Chocolate
• iziphuzo zekhabhoni;
• imajarini;
• amazambane
• ama-marinade;
• utshwala
• namakhekhe.

Iresiphi yesi-Latin ye-insulin

Bonke abanesifo sikashukela kufanele babhaliswe ne-endocrinologist. Banelungelo lokuthola i-insulin mahhala.

Kukhishwe iresiphi ye-latin ebukeka ngathi:

• I-Rp: Insulini 6 ml (40 ED - 1 ml).
• Izinganekwane zidonsa ngo-10.
• Faka umuthi we-10 ED (0.25 ml) izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokudla esikhunjeni.

Imiphi imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu ye-insulin?

Izidakamizwa ze-insulin zanamuhla nezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:

• Isi-Humalogue. Lesi isidakamizwa esihle kakhulu esisebenza ngokubambisana. Yehlisa ushukela ngemizuzu engu-15. Kuqukethe i-insulin yabantu. Igcina amazinga weglucose efanele amahora angama-3;
• IGensulin N. Umuthi wesenzo esiphakathi. Yehlisa ushukela ihora elilodwa ngemuva kokuphathwa amahora angama-20. Ngokwemiyalo, kunokuphikisana okungatheni;
• I-Lantus. Lolu uhlobo lwesikhathi eside lwemithi. Ivumelekile amahora angama-40.

Imijovo ye-Insulin noma amaphilisi: yikuphi okungcono?

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 selashwa kuphela nge-insulin. Iziguli zohlobo lwesibili lwe-pathology zingasebenzisa amaphilisi noma imijovo.

Ifomu le-capsule livumelana kalula ukulisebenzisa futhi linikeza ukulawulwa kweshukela kweglue. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaphilisi akuthinta kabi ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso.

Ngokukhethwa komthamo ongalungile, kunengozi yokuqhamuka nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Ukufakwa kulokhu kulondekile kuphephile futhi kuyakwazi ukwenza u-100% ukufaka umsebenzi wamanyikwe.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-insulin yohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela kuvidiyo:

Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela selashwa ngamaphilisi anciphisa ushukela noma imijovo ye-insulin. Inketho yokuqala ilungele kuphela iziguli zohlobo lwesibili. Ukwelashwa kokulimala kuyindlela kuphela yokuphuma yabantu enohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology.