I-Hyperglycemia yigama lezokwelapha elibhekisa esimweni somtholampilo lapho ukugcwala kweglucose egazini kudlula khona into evumelekile.
I-Hyperglycemia akusona isifo, kuyisifo.
I-International Classization of Diseases (ICD 10) inikeza inani elikhulu lezifo nezinkinga, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwethulwa ukuqokwa kwamagama ngama-alphanumeric noma amakhodi. Ikhodi yeHyperglycemia ngokwe-ICD 10 ine-R73.
Ushukela wegazi: okwejwayelekile nokuphambuka
Umuthi ubheka inani le-3.5 - 5.5 mmol / l njengesikhombi esijwayelekile (esamukelekile) samazinga kashukela wegazi.
Amazinga e-glucose ahlukahlukene anquma amabanga athile wezifo:
- mnene - 6.6-8.2 mmol / l;
- ibanga eliphakathi - 8.3-11.0 mmol / l;
- ifomu elisindayo - kusuka ku-11.1 mmol / l nangaphezulu;
- isimo ngaphambi kokwenza ukoma - kusuka ku-16.5 mmol / l nangaphezulu;
- coma - 55,5 mmol / L nangaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesifo sikashukela, kunezinhlobo ezifana nezifo ezifana:
- i-hyperglycemia esiswini esingenalutho (esiswini esingenalutho). Lapho isiguli sibulawa yindlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-8, bese kuthi ushukela ukhuphukele ku-7.2 mmol / l;
- i-hyperglycemia ngemuva kokudla okunzima (postprandial). Kulokhu, izinga le-glucose lifinyelela inani le-10 mmol / L nangaphezulu.
Izinhlobo
Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi siyenzeka:
- ezingamahlalakhona
- okwesikhashana noma isikhashana;
- akuchaziwe. Ngokwe-ICD 10, inekhodi 9.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zifo lubonakala ngokukhula kwalo.
Isibonelo, i-hyperglycemia engapheli ibonakala ngokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kwe-metabolic futhi ibonakala ngesifo sikashukela mellitus.
Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kuleli cala kungaholela ku-hyperglycemic coma. Uhlobo lwesikhashana lwe-pathology luhlobo lwesikhashana, kulokhu isilinganiso se-glucose sikhuphuka ngemuva kokudla okuningi okugcwele ama-carbohydrate.
I-hyperglycemia engacaciswanga ngobukhulu ihlukaniswe yaba:
- kulula (kuze kufike ku-8 mmol / l ushukela egazini);
- isilinganiso (11 mmol / l, hhayi ngaphezulu);
- esindayo (ngenhla kwe-16 mmol / l).
Le pathology yehlukile kwezinye ngoba azikho izizathu ezisobala zokuvela kwesifo. Ngakho-ke, kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile nosizo oluphuthumayo esimweni esinzima.
Ukutholwa okuphelele kwe-hyperglycemia, lezi zifundo ezilandelayo zibekiwe:
- igazi le-biochemistry;
- ukuhlaziywa komchamo ojwayelekile;
- I-Ultrasound yesisu;
- tomography of the ubuchopho.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, udokotela unquma imbangela yalesi sifo futhi anqume ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Izimbangela zesifo
I-ICD 10 hyperglycemia ingakhula ngezindlela ezimbili: physiology or pathology.
Kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko sihlala sikashukela i-mellitus yezinhlobo zombili 1 no-2.
Izimbangela zokuphila ushukela wegazi owengeziwe:
- ukuwohloka kwemizwelo (ukucindezelwa), okubizwa ngokuthi yi-reactive hyperglycemia;
- i-overeating (isikhashana i-hyperglycemia);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Izimbangela ze-Pathological (non-diabetes):
- hyperthyroidism. Ukwephulwa kwe-gland yegilo lapho inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-hormone akhiqizwa yiwo lingena egazini;
- pheochromocytoma. Lokhu ukuqubuka kwesimo se-hormonal;
- i-acromegaly - isifo se-endocrine;
- glucagon. Isimila esibuhlungu se-yegilo yegilo lapho sikhiqiza i-hormone ekhethekile evusa ngokumangalisayo isizinda se-glucose egazini.
Yimaphi ama-hormone athinta ukuvela kwe-hyperglycemia?
“Umuntu onesibopho” soshukela wegazi yi-insulin. Nguye “odlulisela” ushukela emangqamuzaneni, aqinisekise izinga lawo elijwayelekile egazini.
Umzimba unama-hormone akhulisa i-glucose. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-hormone:
- izindlala ze-adrenal (cortisol);
- indlala yegilo;
- i-pituitary gland (somatropin);
- pancreas (glucagon).
Emzimbeni ophilile, wonke la mahomoni enza ekhonsathi, futhi i-glycemia ihlala isebangeni elijwayelekile.
Ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehla komkhiqizo we-insulin.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin:
- indlala yamangqamuzana, ngoba ushukela awungene kuwo;
- ushukela omningi ugcinwa egazini;
- umzimba uqala ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen, okubuye kukhuphule izinga leshukela.
Izimpawu nezimpawu
Ngoshukela owandayo, umuntu uzizwa enezimpawu ezithile, kepha okwamanje angazizwa ekhathazekile. Kepha uma lesi sifo siba njalo, kunezimpawu zesifo (ezikhethekile) zesifo.
Ngakho-ke, okudingayo ukunaka kokuqala:
- ukoma okukhulu;
- ukuchama kaningi;
- ikhanda eliphikelelayo;
- ukujuluka nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile;
- ukunganaki (isimo sokunganaki);
- ukuncipha kwesikhumba kanye nesikhumba esikhanyayo.
Ukuxilonga elabhorethri nasekhaya
Isiguli esine-hyperglycemia kufanele siqaphe njalo ushukela wegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwelebhu:
- isampula yegazi elisheshayo (kufanele yindlala amahora angama-8). Ukuhlaziywa kuthathwa emunweni (ojwayelekile we-3.5-5.5 mmol / l) noma kusuka kumthambo (okwejwayelekile 4.0-6.0 mmol / l);
- ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose yomlomo. Igazi lithathwa amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla, kanti umkhawulo wesilinganiso ngu-7.8 mmol / l;
- i-glucose engahleliwe. Ukuhlaziywa kukhombisa inani okwamanje futhi kufanele kube ku-70-125 mg / dl.
Namuhla, ngeshwa, bambalwa abantu abahlola njalo ushukela wegazi. Futhi labo abavikela impilo yabo kufanele bazi izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia syndrome.
Usizo lokuqala
Ekuqaleni, silinganisa izinga le-glucose egazini. Isilinganiso soshukela egazini sihambelana no-3.5-5.5 mmol / L. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinganeni (kufinyelela enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye ubudala) le nombolo iphansi - 2.8-4.5 mmol / l. Kubantu asebekhulile (abadala kuneminyaka engama-60), yi-4.5-6.4 mmol / L. Ngomkhombandlela overestimated, kuyadingeka ukunikeza isiguli ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi.
Kungcono ukunika isiguli amanzi okuphuza amaminerali anjengeBorjomi noma i-Essentuki
Uma umuntu encike kwe-insulin, udinga ukumnika umjovo futhi uqaphele ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela. Uma umuntu engathembekile nge-insulin, udinga ukufezekisa ukwehla kwe-acid emzimbeni - phuza uketshezi oluningi, yidla imifino noma izithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukuhlanza isisu ngesisombululo sosawoti ukususa i-acetone emzimbeni.
Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela afike, kufanele kulandelwe imithetho elandelayo:
- khulula okokugqoka okuqinile;
- hlola ikhanda nentamo ukuthola ukulimala uma umuntu ewa, elahlekelwa ukwazi;
- lapho uhlanza isiguli, kubalulekile ukusibeka ohlangothini lwaso phansi ukuze umuntu angagugi;
- qapha ukuphefumula nokugeleza kwegazi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Lapho udokotela efika, ngokuqinisekile uzolinganisa izinga le-glucose egazini futhi enze umjovo we-insulin (uma kunesidingo).
Kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma zonke lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla zingasizanga isiguli noma esesimweni esibi.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Uma i-hyperglycemia ihlala isikhathi eside, isiguli singaba nezinkinga ezinzima. Kaningi lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Izinkinga ziba ngokungabonakali, kancane kancane. Kungaba:
- izifo zemisipha yenhliziyo ezidala ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- izinkinga zamehlo (ukukhipha umunyu noma ukuqhuma, ukubangwa kwethambo kanye ne-glaucoma);
- ukulimala kokuphela kwezinzwa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemizwa, ukushiswa noma ukudinwa;
- ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zezinsini (isifo se-periodontal kanye ne-periodontitis).
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperglycemia kuqala ngokufunda umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli. Kulokhu, izici zofuzo zesiguli ziyabhekwa kanti nezimpawu ezingahambisani nalesi sifo azihlanganisiwe. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezidingekayo zelebhu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperglycemia kubuyele ezenzweni ezintathu:
- ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukudla okuqinile (umuntu ngamunye);
- umsebenzi omncane womzimba.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukubonwa abanye ochwepheshe (isazi sezinzwa, i-endocrinologist, i-ophthalmologist).
Labodokotela bazosiza ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinokwenzeka. Imvamisa, ekwelapheni i-ICD hyperglycemia, iziguli eziyi-10 zinqunywe i-insulin.
Ukudla
Umthetho oyinhloko wokudla lokhu ukwenqaba okuphelele kokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate alula kanye nokwenqaba okuyingxenye kwama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi.
Kungcono ukuthi ugcine izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Akufanele udle okuningi, kepha kaningi. Kufanele kudliwe ama-5 noma ama-6 ngosuku;
- Kuyelulekwa ukudla ukudla kwamaprotheni;
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuthosiwe nezinongo;
- yidla izithelo ezengeziwe (ezingafakiwe) nemifino;
- Izithelo ezomisiwe noma ukudla okuneshukela kungukudla okungcono okunoshukela.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Kuyini i-hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia, nokuthi kungani kuyingozi kwabanesifo sikashukela, kungatholakala kule vidiyo:
I-Hyperglycemia yisifo esifihlayo esidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ushukela wegazi ungakhuphuka futhi uwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi uholele kwimiphumela engenakuphikwa. Kubalulekile ukuthola izimpawu zalesi sifo kuwe noma ezihlotsheni zakho ngesikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa bese uqala ukwelashwa okunekhono ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.
