Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo sohlelo lwe-endocrine, esivezwa ukwephula ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin (i-pancreatic hormone). Umphumela uba ushintsho kuwo wonke amazinga ezinqubo ze-metabolic, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yama-carbohydrate, nokuphazamiseka okuningana kwengxenye yemithambo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, izinzwa zezinhlelo zomchamo nezokuchama.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-pathology: ezincike ku-insulin nokungathembeki kwe-insulin. Lezi yizimo ezimbili ezahlukahlukene ezinendlela ehlukile yokuthuthuka nezinto ezicasulayo, kepha zihlanganiswe wuphawu oluphambili - i-hyperglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophakeme).
Ukuthola lesi sifo akunzima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuya ochungechungeni lwezivivinyo bese uphumelela isivivinyo sikashukela ukuze uphikise noma uqinisekise ukutholwa okusolwayo.
Kungani kufanele uvivinywe?
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo sitholakala kahle, i-endocrinologist izothumela isiguli ukuthi iye kohlolwa izivivinyo futhi ihlolwe izinqubo ezithile zokuxilongwa, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukwelashwa. Udokotela kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ulungile futhi athole isiqinisekiso esingu-100%.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 noma 2 kubekelwe izinhloso ezilandelayo:
- ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuyikho;
- amandla okulawula ngesikhathi sokulashwa;
- ukunqunywa kwezinguquko ngesikhathi sesinxephezelo nokubolekwa;
- Ukulawula isimo sokusebenza kwezinso namanyikwe;
- Ukuziqapha kwamazinga kashukela;
- Ukukhetha okulungile komthamo womenzeli we-hormonal (insulin);
- Ukuqapha amandla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa phambi kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa noma izinsolo zokukhula kwayo;
- ukucacisa ubukhona bezinkinga kanye nezinga labo lentuthuko.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo
Umchamo uketshezi lokuzalwa lomzimba okuphuma kulo lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ubuthi, usawoti, izinto zeselula nezinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukucwaninga kwezinkomba ezilinganisayo nezilinganisayo kusivumela ukuthi sinqume isimo sezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zomzimba.
I-Urinalysis iyisici esibalulekile sokuxilonga.
Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komtholampilo
Kuyisisekelo sokuxilongwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo. Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela yako, ochwepheshe banquma izindlela ezengeziwe zocwaningo. Ngokuvamile, akunawo ushukela emchameni noma esilinganisweni esincane. Amanani avumelekile afinyelela ku-0,8 mol / l. Ngemiphumela engcono, kufanele ucabange nge-pathology. Ukuba khona kweshukela ngaphezulu kwesijwayelekile kubizwa ngegama elithi "glucosuria."
Umchamo wasekuseni uqoqwa ngemuva kwendlu yangasese kahle yezitho zangasese. Inani elincanyana lidluliselwa ethoyilethi, ingxenye ephakathi liye ethangini lokuhlaziya, nengxenye esele liye ethoyilethi futhi. Imbiza yokuhlaziya kufanele ihlanzeke futhi yomile. Nikeza kungakapheli amahora angama-1.5 ngemuva kokuqoqwa ukuvikela ukuhlanekezela kwemiphumela.
Ukuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke
Ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ubukhulu be-glucosuria, okungukuthi, ubukhulu be-pathology. Ingxenye yokuqala yomchamo ngemuva kokulala ayibhekwa, futhi kusukela kwesibili, kuqoqwa esitsheni esikhulu, esigcinwa sonke isikhathi sokuqoqa (usuku) esiqandisini. Ekuseni kosuku olulandelayo, umchamo uyachotshozwa ukuze inani lonke lisebenze ngokufanayo. Ngokwehlukana, ama-200 ml aphonswa futhi, kanye nesiqondisi, anikezwa elabhorethri.
Ukunqunywa kobukhona bezidumbu ze-ketone
Izidumbu zeKetone (i-acetone kubantu abavamile) ziyimikhiqizo yezinqubo ze-metabolic, ukubukeka kwayo lapho umchamo ukhombisa khona kwe-pathology ohlangothini lwe-carbohydrate kanye nama-metabolism wamafutha. Ekuhlaziyeni okujwayelekile komtholampilo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kukhona izidumbu ze-acetone, ngakho-ke zibhala ukuthi azinjalo.
Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi yenziwa kusetshenziswa ukusabela okuthile, uma udokotela ekucacisa ngenhloso ukuzimisela kwemizimba ye-ketone:
- Indlela kaNatelson - i-asidi ehlanganisiwe yesalfaic yengezwa emchameni, okhipha i-acetone. Kuyathinteka yi-salicylic aldehyde. Uma imizimba ye-ketone ikhona ngaphezulu kwejwayelekile, ikhambi iba bomvu.
- Ukuhlolwa kweNitroprusside - faka izivivinyo eziningana usebenzisa i-sodium nitroprusside. Kuzo zindlela ngazinye kunezinye izithako ezengeziwe ezahlukile kwezinye ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali. Amasampula amahle aveza into yokuhlola kumithunzi kusuka kobomvu kuya kokwephuzi.
- Ukuhlolwa kukaGerhardt - inani elithile le-chloride evundile lingezwa kumchamo, oguqula isixazululo sipende umbala-sinomphumela omuhle.
- Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kufaka ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha aselethwe ngomumo nemichilo yokuhlola, engathengwa ekhemisi.
Ukunqunywa kwe-acetone kumchamo onemichilo eqondile kuzokuxilonga ngokushesha i-pathology
Ukuzimisela kwe-Microalbumin
Okunye kokuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela, okunquma ukuba khona kwe-pathologies yezinso ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo se-pancreatic. Isifo sikashukela sikhula ngokuqhamuka ngemuva kwesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, futhi ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukuba khona kwamaprotheni kumchamo kungaba ubufakazi be-pathologies ye-inhliziyo.
Ukuxilongwa, umchamo wasekuseni uyaqoqwa. Uma kunezinkomba ezithile, khona-ke udokotela angakunquma ukuqoqwa kokuhlaziywa kosuku, amahora ama-4 ekuseni noma amahora angama-8 ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, awukwazi ukuthatha imishanguzo, ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, umchamo awuqoqiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
Inani eliphelele legazi libonisa izinguquko ezilandelayo:
- ukukhuphuka kwe-hemoglobin - inkomba yokuphelelwa ngamandla;
- ushintsho ekubalweni kwe-platelet lubheke ku-thrombocytopenia noma i-thrombocytosis libonisa ubukhona be-pathologies eyingqayizivele;
- i-leukocytosis - inkomba yenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni;
- Izinguquko ze-hematocrit.
Ukuhlolwa kweglucose kwegazi
Ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo ethembekile, ungadli ukudla, phuza amanzi kuphela amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa. Ungabuphuzi utshwala usuku lonke. Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa uqobo, ungaxubeki amazinyo akho, ungasebenzisi itshungama. Uma udinga ukuthatha noma imuphi umuthi, thintana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokukhanselwa kwabo okwesikhashana.
I-biochemistry yegazi
Ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ukusebenza koshukela egazini le-venous. Lapho kukhona isifo sikashukela, ukwanda kubonwa ngenhla kwe-7 mmol / L. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiguli sizilawula ngokuzimela isimo saso nsuku zonke.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, udokotela unesifiso kulezi zinkomba ze-biochemistry ezilandelayo ezinesifo sikashukela:
- cholesterol - imvamisa iphakanyiswa uma kugula;
- I-C-peptide - uma uhlobo lwe-1 luncishisiwe noma lilingana no-0;
- ama-fructosamine - anda kakhulu;
- ama-triglycides - anda kakhulu;
- i-protein metabolism - ngezansi okujwayelekile;
- i-insulin - ngohlobo 1 iyehliswa, ngo-2 - okujwayelekile noma okukhuphuke kancane.
Ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose
Indlela yokucwaninga ikhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekayo lapho umthwalo ushukela emzimbeni. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo, udinga ukulandela indlela yokudla enamanani amancane ama-carbohydrate. Amahora ayi-8 ngaphambi kocwaningo, yenqaba ukudla.
Igazi lithathwa emunweni, ngokushesha ngemuva kokudluliselwa kokuhlaziywa, isiguli siphuza isixazululo sikashukela esinokuhlushwa okuthile. Ngemuva kwehora, amasampula egazi ayaphindwa. Kuwo wonke amasampula wokuhlola, izinga likashukela linqunywa.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwenqubo, isiguli kufanele sidle kahle, qiniseka ukuthi sifaka ama-carbohydrate ekudleni.
IGlycated hemoglobin
Enye yezindlela ezifundisayo kakhulu ekhombisa inani loshukela egazini kwikota yokugcina. Bayidlulisela imvamisa efanayo ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho.
Okudingwa yiziguli
Umngane ohlala njalo weziguli ezihlushwa uhlobo 1 kanye nezifo zohlobo 2 kufanele abe yi-glucometer. Ngosizo lwayo ukuthi ukwazi ukunquma masinyane izinga likashukela ngaphandle kokuxhumana nezikhungo zezokwelapha ezikhethekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ekhaya nsuku zonke. Ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla, amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla ngakunye nangesikhathi sokulala. Zonke izinkomba kufanele zibhalwe kudayari ekhethekile ukuze uchwepheshe wokwamukela akwazi ukuhlola idatha futhi athole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle yini.
Isilinganiso sikashukela egazini le-peripheral kufanele senziwe ngokuguquguqukayo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uvame ukunquma izindlela ezengeziwe zokucwaninga ukuhlola amandla alesi sifo kanye nezimo zezitho okuqondiwe ngazo:
- ukulawula njalo kwengcindezi;
- i-electrocardiography kanye ne-echocardiography;
- i-renovasography;
- ukuhlolisiswa udokotela ohlinzayo we-vascular kanye ne-angiography yemikhawulo ephansi;
- ukubonisana kwe-ophthalmologist nokuhlolwa kwe-fundus;
- i-ergometry yebhayisekili;
- ukuhlolwa kobuchopho (uma kunezinkinga ezinzima).
Ama-diabetesics ahlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile yi-nephrologist, cardiologist, optometrist, neuro- and angiosurgeon, neuropathologist.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-endocrinologist yenze ukuxilongwa okungathi sína okunjalo, udinga ukusondela ngokuthobeka uhambisane nezincomo nemiyalo yochwepheshe. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina amazinga evamile kashukela, aphile isikhathi eside futhi avikele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zesifo.
