Bangaki abaphila nesifo sikashukela?

Cishe ama-7% abantu emhlabeni wethu aba nesifo sikashukela.

Isibalo seziguli eRussia siyanda minyaka yonke, futhi okwamanje kukhona abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-3. Isikhathi eside, abantu bangaphila futhi bangasoli lesi sifo.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala nasebekhulile. Ungaphila kanjani nokuxilongwa okunje nokuthi mangaki ahlala nakho, sizokuhlaziya kulesi sihloko.

Lesi sifo siqhamuka kuphi?

Umehluko phakathi kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 mncane: kuzo zombili lezi zimo, izinga likashukela wegazi liyenyuka. Kepha izizathu zalesi simo zihlukile. Kuhlobo 1 isifo sikashukela, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, namaseli we-pancreatic ahlolwa njengakwamanye amazwe ngalo.

Ngamanye amagama, ukungasebenzi kwakho "kubulala" isitho. Lokhu kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwama-pancreas kanye nokwehla kokugcinwa kwe-insulin.

Lesi simo simpawu zezingane kanye nabantu abasha futhi sibizwa ngokushoda kwe-insulin ngokuphelele. Ezigulini ezinjalo, imijovo ye-insulin ibekelwe impilo yonke.

Akunakwenzeka ukusho imbangela ngqo yalesi sifo, kodwa ososayensi abavela emhlabeni wonke bayavuma ukuthi siyifa.

Izici zokubikezela kusengaphambili zibandakanya:

1. Ukuxineka Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sikhula ezinganeni ngemuva kwesehlukaniso sabazali bazo.
2. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane - umkhuhlane, isimungumungwane, irubella nabanye.
3. Okunye ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal emzimbeni.

Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin okuhlobene.

Iba ngokulandelayo:

1. Amaseli alahlekelwa umuzwa we-insulin.
2. I-glucose ayinakungena kubo futhi ihlala ingafuneki emgudwini wegazi ojwayelekile.
3. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaseli anikeza ama-pancreas ukuthi awatholanga i-insulin.
4. Ama-pancreas aqala ukukhiqiza i-insulin ethe xaxa, kepha amaseli awakuboni.

Ngakho-ke, kuvela ukuthi ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin ejwayelekile noma ekhuphukile, kepha ayithakwa, futhi ushukela egazini ukhula.

Izizathu ezijwayelekile zalokhu yilezi:

• indlela yokuphila engalungile;
• ukukhuluphala
• imikhuba emibi.

Iziguli ezinjalo zinqunywe izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukuzwela kwamaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga ukunciphisa isisindo sabo ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwehla kwamakhilogremu ambalwa kuthuthukisa isimo esejwayelekile sesiguli, futhi kubuye noshukela wakhe.

Baphila isikhathi eside kangakanani abanesifo sikashukela?

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi abesilisa abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 baphila iminyaka engu-12, kanti abesifazane baneminyaka engama-20.

Noma kunjalo, manje izibalo zisinikeza eminye imininingwane. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelekile kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sikhuphuke saba yiminyaka engama-70.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pharmacology yanamuhla ikhiqiza ama-analogues we-insulin yomuntu. Ku-insulin enjalo, isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula.

Kukhona futhi isibalo esikhulu sezindlela nezindlela zokuzithiba. Lawa ngama-glucometer ahlukahlukene, imichilo yokuhlola yokuthola ama-ketones noshukela kumchamo, iphampu ye-insulin.

Lesi sifo siyingozi ngoba ushukela wegazi ophakeme uhlala uthinta izitho "zelitshe".

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• amehlo;
• izinso
• izikebhe nezinzwa zemikhawulo engezansi.

Izinkinga ezinkulu eziholela ekukhubazekeni yilezi:

1. Ukuthathwa kabusha kwe-retinal.
2. Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona.
3. Gangrene lemilenze.
4. I-Hypoglycemic coma yisimo lapho izinga likashukela wegazi lomuntu lihle khona kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yemijovo engafanele ye-insulin noma ukwehluleka ukudla. Umphumela we-hypoglycemic coma kungaba ukufa.
5. I-Hyperglycemic noma i-ketoacidotic coma nayo ivamile. Izizathu zalo ukwenqaba komjovo we-insulin, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokudla. Uma uhlobo lokuqala lukakhathaza luphathwa ukuphathwa kokhakhayi kwengxube ye-40% kashukela bese isiguli siphaphama ngokushesha, khona-ke kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba nesifo sikashukela. Imizimba yeKetone ithinta umzimba wonke, kubandakanya nengqondo.

Ukuvela kwalezi zinkinga ezinkulu kunciphisa impilo ngesinye isikhathi. Isiguli kudingeka siqonde ukuthi ukwenqaba i-insulin kuyindlela efanele yokufa.

Umuntu ophila impilo enempilo, odlala imidlalo futhi alandele ukudla, angaphila impilo ende futhi ayenelise.

Izimbangela zokufa

Abantu abafi ngalesi sifo uqobo, ukufa kuvela ngenxa yezinkinga zalo.

Ngokwezibalo, ema-80% ezimo, iziguli zibulawa yizinkinga ngohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Izifo ezinjalo zibandakanya ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-arrhythmias.

Imbangela elandelayo yokufa ukushaywa unhlangothi.

Imbangela yesithathu eholayo yokufa yi-gangrene. I-glucose ephakeme njalo iholela ekugijimelweni kwegazi okungalunganga nokubekwa emaphethelweni aphansi. Noma iliphi, noma isilonda esincane, singavuthisa futhi siphazamise umlenze. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nokususwa kwengxenye yomlenze akuholeli ekuthuthukisweni. Ushukela omningi uvimbela isilonda ekuphulukiseni, bese siqala ukubola futhi.

Enye imbangela yokufa yisimo se-hypoglycemic.

Ngeshwa, abantu abangalandeli imiyalo kadokotela abaphili isikhathi eside.

Umklomelo KaJocelyn

Ngo-1948, u-Elliot Proctor Joslin, udokotela wase-American endocrinologist, wasungula indondo ye-Victory. Wanikezwa abanesifo sikashukela abaneminyaka engama-25 yamava.

Ngo-1970, babebaningi abantu abanjalo, ngoba umuthi wehlela phambili, izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha isifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga zaso zavela.

Kungakho ubuholi besikhungo sikashukela i-Dzhoslinsky sikashukela sithathe isinqumo sokuvuza abantu abanesifo sikashukela abaye baphila nalesi sifo iminyaka engama-50 noma ngaphezulu.

Lokhu kubhekwa njengempumelelo enkulu. Kusukela ngo-1970, lo mklomelo uthole abantu abangama-4,000 abavela emhlabeni jikelele. Abangu-40 kubo bahlala eRussia.

Ngo-1996, kwasungulwa umklomelo omusha kwabanesifo sikashukela abaneminyaka engama-75 yamava. Kubukeka kungenangqondo, kepha kungabantu abangama-65 emhlabeni wonke. Futhi ngonyaka ka-2013, iJocelyn Center yaqala yanikeza lona wesifazane uSpencer Wallace, obesephile nesifo sikashukela iminyaka engama-90.

Ngingaba nezingane?

Imvamisa lo mbuzo ubuzwa yiziguli zohlobo lokuqala. Njengoba begule ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni, iziguli ngokwazo nezihlobo zabo azithembi ngokuphila okugcwele.

Abesilisa, abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwalesi sifo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, bavame ukukhononda ngokuncipha kwe-potency, ukungabikho kwesidoda ekusithekeni okufihliwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ushukela omningi uthinta iziphetho zezinzwa, okubandakanya ukwephulwa kokuhlinzekwa kwegazi ezizalweni zangasese.

Umbuzo olandelayo ukuthi ingane ezelwe evela kubazali abanesifo sikashukela ingaba nalesi sifo. Akukho mpendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo. Lesi sifo uqobo asiludluliseli enganeni. Isimo esidluliselwe kuye sidluliselwa kuye.

Ngamanye amagama, ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile zokugabadela, ingane ingaba nesifo sikashukela. Kukholelwa ukuthi ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo iphezulu uma ubaba enesifo sikashukela.

Kwabesifazane abagula kakhulu, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uvame ukuphazamiseka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhulelwa kunzima kakhulu. Ukwephula isizinda se-hormonal kuholela ekuzalweni. Kepha uma isiguli esinesifo esinxephekile, kuba lula ukukhulelwa.

Inkambo yokukhulelwa kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela iyinkimbinkimbi. Owesifazane udinga ukubhekwa njalo ushukela wegazi ne-acetone kumchamo wakhe. Ngokuya nge-trimester yokukhulelwa, isilinganiso se-insulin siyashintsha.

Kwi-trimester yokuqala, iyancipha, bese ikhuphuka kakhulu izikhathi eziningana futhi ekugcineni kokukhulelwa umthamo uphinda ubuye. Owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele agcine izinga lakhe loshukela. Izinga eliphakeme liholela ekugudleni kwengqondo kwesifo sikashukela.

Izingane ezivela kumama onesifo sikashukela zizalwa zinesisindo esikhulu, imvamisa izitho zazo zingasebenzi, i-pathology yesistimu yenhliziyo iyatholakala. Ukuvimbela ukuzalwa kwengane egulayo, owesifazane kufanele ahlele ukukhulelwa, lonke lelo gama libonwa udokotela oyi-endocrinologist kanye ne-gynecologist. Izikhathi eziningana ezinyangeni eziyi-9 owesifazane kufanele angeniswe esibhedlela emnyangweni we-endocrinology ukuze alungise umthamo we-insulin.

Ukulethwa kwabesifazane abagulayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isigaba se-cesarean. Ukuzalwa kwemvelo akuvunyelwe ezigulini ngenxa yengozi yokulimala kwe-retinal ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Ungaphila kanjani ujabule nesifo sikashukela?

Uhlobo 1 luqala, njengomthetho, ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni. Abazali bezingane ezinje bayashaqeka, bezama ukuthola abelaphi noma amakhambi omlingo azosiza ekwelapheni lokhu kugula. Ngeshwa, okwamanje azikho izindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo. Ukuqonda lokhu, udinga nje ukucabanga: amasosha omzimba "abulala" amaseli we-pancreas, futhi umzimba awusayikhiphi i-insulin.

Abaphilisi kanye namakhambi abantu ngeke basize ukubuyisela umzimba futhi bawenze ube seceleni ama-hormone abalulekile futhi. Bazali kudingeka baqonde ukuthi asikho isidingo sokulwa nalesi sifo, kufanele nifunde ukuthi ungaphila kanjani naso.

Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokuxilongwa ekhanda labazali nengane uqobo kuzoba ulwazi olukhulu:

• ukubalwa kwamayunithi wesinkwa kanye nenkomba ye-glycemic;
• ukubalwa okuyikho kwemithamo ye-insulin;
• ama-carbohydrate alungile futhi angalungile.

Ungesabi ngakho konke lokhu. Ukuze abantu abadala nezingane bazizwe bengcono, wonke umndeni kumele udlule kushukela.

Futhi-ke ekhaya gcina idayari eqinile yokuzithiba, ezokhombisa:

• konke ukudla;
• imijovo enikezwe;
• izinkomba zoshukela wegazi;
• izinkomba ze-acetone emchameni.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Komarovsky ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:

Abazali akufanele bavimbe ingane yabo endlini: bayenqabele ukuthi ahlangane nabangane, ahambe, aye esikoleni. Ukuze kube lula emndenini, kufanele ube namatafula aphrintiwe wamayunithi wesinkwa nenkomba ye-glycemic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathenga izikali ezikhethekile zasekhishini ongazi ukubala kalula inani le-XE esitsheni.

Njalo lapho ingane inyusa noma inciphisa ushukela, kumele ikhumbule imizwa yayo. Isibonelo, ushukela ophezulu ungadala ikhanda noma umlomo owomile. Futhi ngoshukela ophansi, ukujuluka, izandla eziqhaqhazelayo, umuzwa wokulamba. Ukukhumbula le mizwa kuzosiza ingane ngokuzayo ekutholeni ushukela wayo cishe ngaphandle kwe-glucometer.

Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla koshukela wegazi, abantu bakwazi ukumsiza.

Umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele aphile impilo egcwele:

• iya esikoleni;
• yiba nabangane;
• ukuhamba;
• ukudlala imidlalo.

Kulesi simo kuphela lapho eyokwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi aphile ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kwenziwa abantu asebekhulile, ngakho-ke okubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni isisindo, ukulahla imikhuba emibi, umsoco ofanele.

Ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho kukuvumela ukuthi unxephezele ushukela isikhathi eside kuphela ngokuthatha amaphilisi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-insulin ibekwe ngokushesha, izinkinga zanda ngokushesha okukhulu. Impilo yomuntu enesifo sikashukela incike kuye kuphela nasemndenini wakhe. Isifo sikashukela asisona isigwebo; kuyindlela yokuphila.