I-insulin ibizwa ngokuthi isisekelo se-carbohydrate metabolism. Le-hormone umzimba womuntu uyakhiqiza ubusuku nemini. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ngokunembile i-insulin - ngaphambi kokudla noma emva kokudla, ngoba ukugcinwa kwe-insulin kuvuselelwa futhi kusisekelo.
Uma umuntu enesifo esiphelele se-insulin, khona-ke umgomo wokwelashwa uwukuphindaphinda okunembe kakhudlwana kokukhushulwa komzimba okuneziqubuqu nebhola.
Ukuze isizinda se-insulin sihlale njalo, futhi sizizwe sizinzile, kubalulekile ukugcina isilinganiso esifanele se-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside.
Ukuthatha insulin isikhathi eside
Kumele kuqapheleke ukuthi imijovo ye-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside kufanele ibekwe esinqeni noma ethangeni. Ukufakwa kwama-insulin ezingalweni noma esiswini akuvunyelwe.
Isidingo sokumunca kancane sichaza ukuthi kungani kufanele kufakwe imijovo kulezi zindawo. Umuthi osebenza ngamehlo amafishane kufanele ufakwe esiswini noma engalweni. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze inani eliphakeme liphelele lihambisane nesikhathi sokuthanjiswa kwamandla kagesi.
Isikhathi sezidakamizwa zesikhathi esiphakathi sifinyelela emahoreni angama-16. Phakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu:
- UGensulin N.
- I-Insuman Bazal.
- I-Protafan NM.
- I-Biosulin N.
- I-Humulin NPH.
Izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside ze-Ultra zisebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-16, phakathi kwazo:
- I-Lantus.
- I-Levemir.
- ITresiba KUSHA.
ILantus, iTresiba neLevemir bahlukile kwamanye amalungiselelo e-insulin hhayi kuphela ngobudala obuhlukile, kodwa nangokubonakala kwangaphandle. Izidakamizwa zeqembu lokuqala zinombala wamafu amhlophe, ngaphambi kokuphatha, isitsha kufanele sigoqeke ezintanjeni zezandla. Kulokhu, isixazululo sizoba namafu ngokulinganayo.
Lo mehluko uchazwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza. Imithi yesikhathi esiphakathi inemiphumela ephezulu. Azikho iziqongo ezinjengalezi zindlela yokwenza izidakamizwa ngesenzo eside.
Ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside awanazo iziqongo. Lapho ukhetha umthamo we-insal insulin, lesi sici empeleni siyabhekwa. Imithetho ejwayelekile, noma kunjalo, isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-insulin.
Umthamo we-insulin osebenza isikhathi eside kufanele ukhethwe ukuze ukuhlangana koshukela egazini phakathi kokudla kuhlale kuyinto evamile.
Ukushintshashintsha kancane kwe-1-1.5 mmol / L kuvunyelwe.
Imithamo yasebusuku ye-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside
Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-insulin efanele ubusuku. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela engakakwenzi lokhu okwamanje, ungabheka inani likashukela ebusuku. Udinga ukuthatha izilinganiso njalo ngamahora amathathu:
- 21:00,
- 00:00,
- 03:00,
- 06:00.
Uma ngasikhathi esithile kunokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwevolumu ye-glucose ekuqondeni kokwehla noma ukwanda, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-insulin ebusuku ayikhethwe kahle. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza imithamo yakho ngalesi sikhathi.
Umuntu angalala nenkomba kashukela engu-6 mmol / L, ngo-00: 00 ebusuku abe no-6.5 mmol / L, ngo-3:00 ushukela ukhuphuka ufike ku-8.5 mmol / L, kanti ekuseni uphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-insulin ngesikhathi sokulala yayikumthamo ongafanele futhi kufanele inyuswe.
Uma ukweqiwa okunjalo kuhlale kuqoshwa njalo ebusuku, lokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela yi-latent hypoglycemia, enikeza ukubuyiselwa emuva ngendlela yokwanda koshukela wegazi.
Kufanele ubheke ukuthi kungani ushukela wanda ebusuku. Isikhathi sokulinganisa ushukela:
- 00:00,
- 01:00,
- 02:00,
- 03:00.
Imithamo ye-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside
Cishe zonke izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside zidinga ukujova kabili ngosuku. I-Lantus yisizukulwane sakamuva se-insulin, kufanele sithathwe isikhathi esingu-1 emahoreni angama-24.
Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi bonke abantu abafaka insulini ngaphandle kukaLevemir noLantus banezimfihlo zabo eziphakeme. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emahoreni angama-6-6 isenzo somuthi. Kulesi sikhathi sokuphumula, ushukela ungancishiswa, okufanele ukhushulwe ngokudla amayunithi esinkwa ambalwa.
Lapho uhlola insulin nsuku zonke ngemuva kokudla, kufanele kudlule amahora amane. Kubantu abasebenzisa ama-insulin amafushane, isikhathi sokuphumula singamahora angama-6-8, ngoba kunezici zesenzo sale mishanguzo. Kulezi insulin kungabizwa:
- I-Actrapid
- I-Humulin R,
- IGensulin R.
Dinga imijovo ngaphambi kokudla
Uma umuntu enenhlobo yokuqala yesifo sikashukela ngendlela ebabazekayo, kuzodingeka imijovo yokufaka insulin isikhathi eside kusihlwa nasekuseni, kuthi lapho sekudliwayo kudliwe ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye. Kepha ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela noma uhlobo 1 sikashukela esigabeni esijwayelekile, kuyisiko ukwenza imijovo embalwa.
Ukulinganisa ushukela kuyadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokudla, futhi futhi ungakwenza lokhu emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla. Ukuqashelwa kungakhombisa ukuthi amazinga kashukela ajwayelekile phakathi nosuku, ngaphandle nje kokumiswa isikhashana kusihlwa. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imijovo ye-insulin emfushane iyadingeka ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukunikeza irejimeni efanayo yokwelashwa kwe-insulin kumuntu ngamunye onesifo sikashukela kuyingozi futhi akunandaba. Uma ulandela ukudla ngenani elincane lama-carbohydrate, kungavela ukuthi umuntu oyedwa udinga ukunikezwa imijovo ngaphambi kokudla, futhi enye into yanele.
Ngakho-ke, kwabanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kuvela ukuthi balondoloze ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Uma lokhu kuyindlela yesifo, faka i-insulin emfushane ngaphambi kokudla nesidlo sasekuseni. Ngaphambi kwasemini, ungathatha amaphilisi we-Siofor kuphela.
Ekuseni, i-insulin isebenza buthakathaka kancane kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sosuku. Lokhu kungenxa yomphumela wokusa kokusa. Kwenzeka okufanayo ne-insulin uqobo, ekhiqiza amanyikwe, kanye naleyo etholwa yisifo sikashukela ngemijovo. Ngakho-ke, uma udinga i-insulin esheshayo, njengomthetho, uyijova ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.
Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele azi ukuthi angajova kanjani i-insulin kahle ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla. Ukuze ugweme i-hypoglycemia ngangokunokwenzeka, okokuqala kudingeka unciphise umthamo, bese uyandisa kancane. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukukala ushukela isikhathi esithile.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa unganquma umthamo wakho ofanele. Umgomo ukugcina ushukela ngezinga elizinzileyo, njengasemuntwini ophilile. Kulokhu, i-4.6 ± 0.6 mmol / L ngaphambi nangemva kokudla ingabhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, inkomba akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-3.5-3.8 mmol / l. Imithamo ye-insulin esheshayo nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuyithatha incike kwikhwalithi nenani lokudla. Kufanele kubhalwe ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okudliwa kumagremu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathenga isilinganiselo ekhishini. Uma ulandela ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi ukulawula ushukela, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-insulin emfushane ngaphambi kokudla, ngokwesibonelo:
- I-Actrapid NM
- I-Humulin ejwayelekile,
- I-Insuman Rapid GT,
- I-Biosulin R.
Ungafaka futhi i-Humalog, ezimweni lapho udinga ukunciphisa ngokushesha ushukela. I-Insulin NovoRapid ne-Apidra yenza kancane kuneHumalog. Ukuze ukwamukele kangcono ukudla okune-carbohydrate ephansi, i-insulin esezingeni eliphansi ayifani kakhulu, ngoba isikhathi sokwenza sifushane futhi sishesha.
Ukudla kufanele okungenani kube kathathu ngosuku, ngezikhathi ezithile ezingama-4-5 amahora. Uma kunesidingo, khona-ke ngezinsuku ezithile ungeqa okunye kokudla.
Izitsha nokudla kufanele zishintshe, kepha inani lokudla okunempilo akufanele libe eliphansi kunalokho okujwayelekile.
Ungayenza kanjani inqubo
Ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usuku lokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin luyahlolwa.
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa umuthi onempilo esephelelwe isikhathi eshalofini, kanye nomuthi owavulwa ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-28 ezedlule. Ithuluzi kufanele libe lokushisa kwasekamelweni, ngoba lokhu kukhishwa esiqandisini kungakapheli isikhathi esingamahora wehora ngaphambi komjovo.
Kufanele ilungiselelwe:
- uvolo okotini
- isirinji le-insulin
- ibhodlela elinomuthi
- utshwala.
Umthamo we-insulin obekiwe kufanele udonswe kwisirinji. Susa izigaxa episilini nasenalithini. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithiphu yenaliti alithinti into yakwamanye amazwe futhi inzalo ayilimazi.
I-piston idonswa uphawu lomuthi olungiselelwe. Okulandelayo, isithintithisi senjoloba sihlatshwa ngenaliti epanini bese kukhululwa umoya obuthelekile kuyo. Le ndlela izokwenza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kugwenywe ukwakheka kwe-vacuum esitsheni futhi kuzothuthukisa ukusampula kwemithi ngaphezulu.
Okulandelayo, shintsha isirinji nebhodlela libe isikhundla mpo ukuze phansi kwebhodlela kube phezulu. Ukubamba lo mklamo ngesandla esisodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi udinga ukudonsa isibhamu bese udonsa umuthi esirinji.
Udinga ukuthatha umuthi omncane kakhulu kunowudingayo. Bese ucindezela ngobumnene i-piston, uketshezi lunyakaziswa lubuyele esitsheni kuze kube yilapho ivolumu edingekayo ihlala. Umoya uyakhishwa bese kuqoqwa uketshezi oluningi, uma ludingeka. Ngokulandelayo, inaliti isuswa ngokucophelela ku-cork, isirinji ibanjwa zibambeke.
Indawo yomjovo kufanele ihlanzeke. Ngaphambi kokujova i-insulin, isikhumba sithathwa ngotshwala. Kulokhu, udinga ukulinda imizuzwana embalwa kuze kube ukuthi uphuma ngokuphelele, kuphela ngemuva kwalapho ufake umjovo. I-Alcohol ibhubhisa i-insulin futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibangela ukucasuka.
Ngaphambi kokwenza umjovo we-insulin, udinga ukwenza isibaya sesikhumba. Uyibambe ngeminwe emibili, isibaya sidinga ukudonswa kancane. Ngakho-ke, umuthi awunakungena izicubu zomzimba. Akudingekile ukudonsa isikhumba kakhulu ukuze amabala angabonakali.
Izinga lokufakwa kwensiza lincike endaweni yomjovo kanye nobude binaliti. Isirinji sivunyelwe ukubamba okungenani ama-45 hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-90 degrees. Uma ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi likhulu impela, khona-ke prick at the angle kulia.
Ngemuva kokufaka inaliti esibayeni sesikhumba, udinga ukucindezela kancane kancane ipiston, ukujova insulin ngokungabonakali. I-piston kufanele yehlise ngokuphelele. Inaliti kumele isuswe ekhoneni lapho umuthi ufakwe kuwo. Inaliti esetshenzisiwe kanye nesirinji kuyahlanzwa esitsheni esikhethekile esidingekayo ukulahla lezo zinto.
Ukujova i-insulin kanjani futhi nini futhi ezotshela ividiyo ekulesi sihloko.
