Njalo ngonyaka, izibalo ze-WHO ezikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela ziyakhuphuka, futhi lokhu yize iqiniso lokuthi ukufa kwalesi sifo kuthatha indawo yesithathu. Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela lwenzeka ngenxa yokungondleki, ukukhuluphala kanye nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65. Uhlobo lokuqala lutholakala ezigulini ngenxa yokuvela kolwelwesi, noma ngenxa yezifo ezedlule, njengezinkinga.
Ukuba nalesi sifo, yonke imisebenzi yomzimba iyahlupheka, nenkambo yokubanda okuvamile ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi empilweni yomuntu onesifo sikashukela. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele. Ngempela, ngesikhathi sokugula, kaningi, ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ama-ketones atholakala emchameni, okukhombisa ukungasebenzi kwe-insulin egazini, okuthi kamuva kubange ukwanda kweglucose.
Abaningi besifo sikashukela abanikezi ukunakwa okufanele lapho benomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kepha lokhu akulungile neze. Isimpawu esinjalo singakhombisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezigulini, obangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi, noma ukunqunywa kwemikhawulo.
Ngezansi kuzovezwa ngokuphelele isihloko sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, izimbangela zokuvela kwaso, imiphumela, ukuthi hlobo luni lokudla oludingekayo kumfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezindlela zokupheka zomuthi ohlukile zinikezwa.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwelashwa
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme usho ukwanda njalo komfutho wegazi. Futhi uma umuntu ophilile enenkomba yalesi sifo, inkomba ingu-140/90, khona-ke lapho isifo sikashukela lo mngcele uphansi - 130/85.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypertension ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo kufanele kunqunywe udokotela ohambelayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isiqiniseko esiyinhloko sempumelelo ukusungula kahle imbangela yokuqalwa kwalesi sifo. Ngohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, izimbangela ezihlukile zokukhula komfutho wegazi ophakeme zimpawu, ngezansi zinikezwe ohlwini.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela:
- I-Diabetes nephropathy (isifo sezinso) - ifinyelela kuma-82%.
- Umfutho wegazi ophambili (obalulekile) - ofinyelela ku-8%.
- I-hypestension ye-Isstated hypstension - ifinyelela ku-8%.
- Ezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine - zifinyelela kuma-4%.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela:
- Umfutho wegazi ophambili - ufike kuma-32%.
- I-hypertension ye-Isstated hypstension - ifinyelela kuma-42%.
- I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela - ifinyelela ku-17%.
- Ukwephulwa kokuqina kwemikhumbi yezinso - kuze kufike ku-5%.
- Ezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine - zifinyelela kuma-4%.
I-Diabetes nephropathy yigama elijwayelekile lezifo ezahlukahlukene zezinso eziye zenzeka ngenxa yezilonda zesifo sikashukela zemithambo yegazi kanye nama-tubules anikeza izinso. Lapha ungakhuluma futhi ngesifo sikashukela sezinso.
Isolated hypstension ye-Isstated iyisici, ibonakaliswa ukuguga, iminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu. Kusho ukukhuphuka komfutho wegazi we-systolic.
Umfutho wegazi ophambili (obalulekile), lapho udokotela engakwazi ukuthola imbangela yokwanda kwengcindezi. Imvamisa lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlanganiswa nokukhuluphala. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi isiguli siyabekezelela yini ama-carbohydrate adliwayo, futhi silungise ukudla kwakhe kanye nokuzivocavoca komzimba.
Imiqondo ye-hypertension kanye nesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uhlobo 1, ihlobene kakhulu. Njengoba kungabonakala kuhlu olungenhla, imbangela yengcindezi eyandayo ukulimala kwezinso. Baqala ngokwedlulele ukukhipha i-sodium emzimbeni, okuholela ekunyukeni kwevolumu. Umthamo owengeziwe wegazi elijikelezayo futhi, ngokufanele, wandisa ingcindezi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isiguli singaliqapheli kahle ushukela egazini, lokhu kuvusa nokwanda koketshezi emzimbeni ukuze kunciphise ukugcwala kweglucose egazini. Ngakho-ke, umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka futhi lokhu kufaka umthwalo owengeziwe ezinso. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinso azihambelani nomthwalo wazo futhi ekuhlanganiseni isiguli sithola ukufa kwe-glomeruli (izinto zokuhlunga).
Uma ungaphathi ukwelashwa kwezinso ngesikhathi, khona-ke kuthembisa ukuthola ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ukwelapha kuqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Yehlisa ushukela wegazi.
- Ukuthatha i-inhibitors ye-ACE, isibonelo, i-enalapril, i-spirapril, i-lisinopril.
- Ukwemukelwa kwe-angiotensin receptor blockers, isibonelo, uMikardis, Teveten, Vazotens.
- Ukuthatha ama-diuretics, ngokwesibonelo, iHypothiazide, i-Arifon.
Lesi sifo sidlulela ekuhlulekeni kwe-renal okungamahlalakhona. Lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa kokuhluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona, isiguli kufanele sibhekwe njalo ngudokotela wezinhlungu.
Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uyiphinda kabili ingozi yezifo ezahlukahlukene - ukushaya kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi kanye nokulahlekelwa ngumbono okuyingxenye.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwelashwa
I-Arterial hypertension ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kuwuphawu lomfutho wegazi ophakeme, obonakala ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi ukuya ku-140/85. Ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme kushukela ikhuphuka kabili uma ikubantu abaphilile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela, lesi sifo sivele kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nantathu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-arterial hypertension ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ACE inhibitors (Enalapril, Lisinopril). Akufanele ukhethe izidakamizwa wedwa, ngoba ezinye zazo zandisa izinga loshukela wegazi. Noma yimuphi umuthi, uhlu lwezidakamizwa luboniswa ku-endocrinologist.
Ama-diuretics nawo anqunyelwe:
- I-Diacabr.
- I-Amiloride.
Ekuqaleni, yonke imishanguzo ibekelwa ngemithamo emincane, ikhula kancane kancane, ukuze kubhekwe isithombe somtholampilo sokwenyuka koshukela wegazi. Emavikini ambalwa okuqala, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukufeza izinga eliqondisiwe lesihogo (umfutho wegazi).
Izinga okuqondiswa ngalo isihogo kuziguli ezinesifo sikashukela lizoba yi-140/90, kamuva, inkomba yehlela ku-130/85. Isikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esigulini ngasinye sincike esigulini ngasinye ngokwahlukana, kodwa okungenani amaviki amane, futhi kungahlanganisa ukuqokwa kwezidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngombono ohlukile wesenzo. Ngokulashwa ngentuthwane, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uvimbela izifo eziningi zezinye izitho ezihlosiwe - izinso, inhliziyo, ukubona kwamehlo.
Ngesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ingozi yokuphazamiseka kwesifo segazi kungenzeka. Inkinga ye-Hypertgency idinga ucingo oluphuthumayo. Izimpawu zayo zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu.
- Ukuphefumula.
- Ingcindezi inyuka ngaphezu kwe-140 mm Hg. Ubuciko.
- Ubuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuqhafaza
- Izikhova.
- Ezimweni ezingavamile - unhlangothi, ukwazi ukungaboni.
Ekuphetheni, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi isifo kanyekanye se-ar nesifo sikashukela kufanele selashwa kuphela ngaphansi kokugadwa.
Ukudla kwesifo segazi
Ukudla okunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele kususelwe emithethweni eminingana ebalulekile. Okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kufanele kube kuncane, futhi inani lokudla lehlukahluka ngokwesilinganiso sezikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku.
Ngokusho kwe-WHO, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinesibili sikhuluphele emaphesheni angama-75%. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphezu kokushintsha amazinga kashukela egazi, ukunciphisa i-cholesterol futhi ulethe umzimba isisindo esijwayelekile.
Lokhu kuqeda ukungena kokudla okunamafutha amaningi, noma ngabe inkomba yawo ye-glycemic ingu-zero. Zinamafutha amaningi ne-cholesterol uqobo. Inkomba ye-glycemic iyinkomba yemiphumela yomkhiqizo othile ngemuva kokuthi ithathwe ushukela wegazi.
Kuvunyelwe ukudla ukudla okuphansi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile inkomba ye-glycemic ephakathi, inkomba ephezulu ayivunyelwe. Nazi izinkomba zazo:
- Kuze kufike kuma-50 PIECES - aphansi;
- Kufika kumayunithi angama-70 - aphakathi nendawo;
- Amayunithi angaphezu kuka-70 - aphezulu.
Abanesifo sikashukela bavunyelwe ukuphuza itiye elimnyama nekhofi, kepha nge-hypertension, lezi ziphuzo kufanele zikhohlwe. Zivusa umsipha wemithambo yegazi, ngaleyo ndlela zandisa umthwalo enhliziyweni. Ungenza itiye le-tangerine elinempilo, elizosiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi, ukwandise imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba futhi lithambise uhlelo lwezinzwa.
Kumuntu okhonzayo uzodinga i-peel ye-mandarin eyodwa. Kufanele idatshulwe ibe yizicucu ezincane bese ithela amanzi angama-200 ml abilayo, ayeke imizuzu emine. Ehlobo, lapho isizini lingeyona i-mandarin, ungenza isiphuzo esinjalo kusuka ku-peel, eyomile futhi ngaphambili echotshoziwe nge-blender noma ikhofi Grinder. Ngokusekwe amathisipuni amabili kafulawa ngokukhonza itiye elilodwa.
Ukudla okunesifo sikashukela kufanele kufake inani elikhulu lemifino nezithelo, kanye nama-carbohydrate emvelaphi yezilwane. Amasaladi nezitsha eziseceleni zingalungiswa kusuka emifino. Imifino evunyelwe:
- Isikwashi;
- Ikhukhamba
- Utamatisi
- Anyanisi;
- Garlic
- Upelepele oluhlaza okotshani obomvu;
- Broccoli
- Amalahle kaBrown;
- Izaqathi (okusha kuphela);
- Ikholifulawa.
Kusuka kuzithelo:
- Amagilebhisi
- Ama-sitrobheli asendle;
- Ama-Blueberries
- Amapomegranate;
- Apula
- Izithelo zeCitrus (ulamula, i-grapefruit, i-mandarin, i-orange);
- Ama-Blueberries
- Ama-cranberry
- UCherry
- Ama-currants abomvu namnyama;
- UCherry omnandi
Kuyadingeka futhi ukufaka imikhiqizo yobisi nobisi olunoshukela ekudleni nsuku zonke, nokuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane - i-kefir, ubisi olubilisiwe olubunjiwe, iyogathi, ushizi wekhishi onamafutha amancane. Inyama ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi, isusa isikhumba kuzo - inkukhu, ikalikuni, inyama yenkomo engajwayelekile. Ungadla nenyama le-offal - isibindi senkukhu. Kuvunyelwe ukudla iqanda elilodwa elibilisiwe ngosuku, noma ulisebenzise ukulungisa amakhokho ushizi we-casseroles.
Ukusuka okusanhlamvu, ungapheka izitsha eziseceleni zenyama, kepha akunakuphikwa ukuthi ungaziphuzisi ngemikhiqizo yobisi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ungapheki iphalishi yobisi. Amakheli akhethwe kanjena:
- I-Buckwheat;
- I-Perlovka;
- Irayisi (nsundu) elinsundu, elimhlophe ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa, linenkomba ephezulu ye-glycemic.
Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo ekhethwe kahle, ungakhohlwa ngemithetho yokwelashwa kwabo okushisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma ufry inkukhu evunyelwe kusuka ohlwini, khona-ke i-GI yayo izonyuka kakhulu, bese kuthi i-cholesterol engafuneki ingene emzimbeni.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa okunjalo kwemikhiqizo kuvunyelwe:
- Ukupheka umusi.
- Ukudoba emanzini, ngokufakwa okuncane kawoyela wemifino (umnqumo, i-sunflower, kuhlanganisiwe).
- Ku-microwave.
- Kumpheki ohamba kancane - imodi "yokuqothula".
- E-grill.
- Ubilise.
Ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela, njengolokuqala, udinga ukusebenzisa uketshezi okungenani amalitha amabili ngosuku. Kepha kungcono ukubala umthamo ngokusho kilojoule yansuku zonke, ngesilinganiso sekhalori eyi-1 ilingana no-1 ml we-liquid.
Kunomthetho obalulekile - izithelo kufanele zidliwe ekuseni, ngoba ziqukethe ushukela futhi zidinga isikhathi sokuthambisa. Futhi isikhathi esihle salokhu umsebenzi womzimba womuntu.
Imenyu eyisampula yosuku:
- Ukudla kwasekuseni: isaladi lezithelo okufakwe nge-100 ml ye-kefir.
- Ukudla kwasekuseni kwesibili: i-buckwheat, iqanda elilodwa elibilisiwe, ikhukhamba entsha.
- Isidlo sasemini: isobho yemifino, ibele lezinkukhu elibilisiwe ngesitshulu semifino.
- Ukudla okulula: ikhekhe ushizi ngokufakwa kwezithelo ezomile (ama-apricots omisiwe, amagilebhisi omisiwe, ama-prunes avumelekile).
- Ukudla kwakusihlwa: isaladi yemifino, isibindi senkukhu esihlinzekiwe.
Ukudla kokugcina kufanele kwenzeke okungenani amahora amabili ngaphambi kokulala.
Amakhambi esintu
Indlela yokupheka eyaziwa kakhulu yabantu abane-hypertension ifaka negalikhi, kusuka kuhlu lwenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi evunyelwe kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ngosizo lwayo, i-tincture elula ilungiselelwe. Ngesinye isikhathi uzodinga ama-clove amathathu oqoshiwe wegalikhi, agcwele ingilazi yamanzi abilisiwe.
Le tincture ishiywe amahora ayi-12 - 13. Kungcono ukulungiselela amanzi egalikhi ubusuku, ukuze ekuseni ungaphuza isiphuzo sokupholisa futhi ulungiselele enye ingxenye kusihlwa. Thatha kabili ngosuku, ngezikhathi ezithile ezingamahora ayi-12. Inkambo yokwelashwa izoba yinyanga eyodwa.
Abantu abasebenzisa i-clove entsha kagalikhi amabili noma amathathu ngosuku baphawula ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme wehla kakhulu, futhi umfutho wegazi wehla ngo-5%.
Omunye umkhiqizo odumile ngokulinganayo osiza ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi yizigaxa zikaphayini obomvu. Kufanele ziqoqwe kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi. Uzodinga ilitha elilodwa likaphayini wezinjini zikaphayini, othululelwa nge-vodka engu-40 degree bese ufakwa amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukumnika kuhlungwa nge-cheesecloth futhi isilungele ukusetshenziswa. Phuza amathisipuni amabili isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla, kathathu ngosuku. Kuvunyelwe ukuvusa ukumnika ngenani elincane lamanzi.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela zokupheka zabantu, udinga ukubonana nodokotela oyi-endocrinologist. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ngengcindezi ephezulu nesifo sikashukela,