Isifo sikashukela sithatha indawo yesithathu ekufeni kwabantu, ngemuva kwezifo zenhliziyo nomdlavuza, ngokwezibalo ze-WHO. Ngeshwa, minyaka yonke isibalo seziguli siyakhuphuka. Ngaphezu kwezi-70% kweziguli abesifazane. Ososayensi abakalivezi iqiniso, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wesifazane uthambekele kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela.
Amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu besifazane avame ukuphazamiseka lapho eneminyaka engu-40 - 43 ubudala. Lapho ukhomba lesi sifo, kudingekile kuyo yonke impilo ukunamathela ngokuqinile kuyo yonke imiyalo ye-endocrinologist. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela imijovo ye-insulin, kanye nokushintshwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuye ku- 1. Kuhlobo lokuqala, onesifo sikashukela kufanele anikeze imijovo ye-insulin nsuku zonke.
Ukuxilongwa, isiguli sinikela ngegazi kusuka emunweni nasemthanjeni. Ukuhlaziywa kokugcina kunika umphumela onembe kunazo zonke, futhi inkomba kashukela yehlukile kulokho okutholakala egazini elingelolakhe.
Ukuze ubone udokotela ngesikhathi, futhi ube nesikhathi sokuthola isimo se-prediabetes, udinga ukwazi zonke izinkomba ezandulele lesi sifo, izinga likashukela wegazi kowesifazane ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 evela emthanjeni, ukuthi ungaluhlaziya kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuzivikela okufanele uzithathe.
Ngezansi sizonikeza incazelo ephelele yalezi zinto ezingenhla, futhi sinikeze itafula lamazinga kashukela ajwayelekile kulo lonke ushukela nesifo sikashukela.
ISymbomatology
Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezingenakuphikwa ezingakhombisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela, noma ngabe umuntu mdala kangakanani, nazi:
- umoya omubi;
- ukujuluka okusindayo;
- ukukhathala kungakhathaleki;
- ukoma njalo;
- ukulahleka okungazelelwe noma inzuzo yesisindo;
- ukungaboni kahle
- ukuphulukiswa okungekuhle ngisho nokusatshalaliswa okuncane.
Uma abesifazane, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esingama-41 ukuya kwengama-45, benenye yezimpawu ezingenhla, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubone udokotela ukuthi aphumelele izivivinyo ezifanele. Vele, ungathatha igazi emunweni ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer, kepha lokhu kuhlaziya kuzobe kungalungile.
Ekuxilongeni, kusetshenziswa kuphela igazi lama-venous.
Uvivinyo kanye namazinga kashukela
Noma yikuphi ukuhlaziywa kokuqala kunikezwa kuphela esiswini esingenalutho. Omunye umthetho - isidlo sokugcina amahora angama-8 - 9 ngaphambi kokusampula kwegazi ushukela. Ukuhlaziywa ngomthwalo nakho kunikezwa, okungukuthi, isiguli sithathwa igazi, khona-ke kufanele athathe ushukela, othengwa kunoma yiliphi ikhemisi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-120, kuthathwa kabusha.
Ukukhohlisa okunjalo kuzokhombisa ukuthi ngabe umzimba wesifazane ubhekana ne-glucose, engena egazini. Udokotela, ngokubona kwakhe, angangeza nokuhlolwa kwegazi ngemuva kokudla, okuzothathwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Kunconyelwa abantu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-46 ubudala ukuze balandelele isithombe sonke somtholampilo wamanyikwe.
Njengoba kuchaziwe phambilini, i-endocrinologist kumele inikeze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo (amasampula egazi) esigulini, okungukuthi:
- igazi le-capillary (kusuka emunweni);
- igazi le-venous.
Iningi leziguli liyazibuza ukuthi lithini izinga likashukela egazini kubantu besifazane, ngoba lihlukile ngokuhlukile. Eminyakeni engamashumi amane, le nkomba ingu-6.1 mmol / L futhi ayiguquki kwabesifazane, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-59. Kepha akufanele unamathele kulesi sibalo uma kukhulunywa negazi elithathwe emunweni. Lapha okujwayelekile kungaphansi kwe-12% kunalokho okungenhla - kuze kufike ku-5.5 mmol / l.
Uma isiguli sinamazinga aphansi kashukela, lokhu kuyi-hypoglycemia engaba khona kubantu abanesifo sikashukela uma kwehla ushukela obukhali kusuka ezingeni eliphakeme kuya kwelejwayelekile. Izinga likashukela eliphansi lingadala i-asphyxia esigulini nakuthambo.
Izinga loshukela elijwayelekile:
- kusuka ngomunwe - kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / l;
- kusuka kumthambo - kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-6.1 mmol / l.
Ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, okuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-44 kuya kwengama-47 ubudala, udinga ukubheka njalo ushukela, ngoba isizinda se-hormonal sowesifazane siyashintsha, kanti ne-insulin nayo kuyi-hormone.
I-Union of Endocrinologists incoma, kusukela ineminyaka yobudala engama-42, ukuthatha izivivinyo zikashukela egazini okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthola isimo se-prediabetes, eselashwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, sisebenzisa:
- ukudla okhethwe ngokukhethekile, kucatshangelwa isithombe somtholampilo wesiguli;
- umsebenzi wokwelapha.
Izinkomba zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-49 ifakiwe, kanye nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engama-50, yile:
- kusuka ku-6.1 mmol / l kuya ku-6.9 mmol / l (igazi le-capillary);
- isuka ku-8,0 mmol / l iye ku-12,0 mmol / l lapho ihlolwe ngomthwalo - isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela.
Imithetho yokudla
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, noma isimo se-prediabetes, kufanele unamathele emithethweni ethile yomsoco - konke ukudla kuyabiliswa, kuyashiswa noma kubilisiwe. Imikhiqizo elandelayo kufanele ilahlwe:
- amaswidi, imikhiqizo kafulawa, ushokoledi noshukela;
- utshwala
- ukudla okukheniwe, okubhemayo, okunosawoti;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha nemikhiqizo yobisi olumuncu - ibhotela, ukhilimu omuncu;
- inyama enamafutha nenhlanzi.
Umkhiqizo wenyama ongcono kwabanesifo sikashukela ubisi lwezinkukhu, ngaphandle kwesikhumba nokususwa kwamafutha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusikwa kwenkukhu kohlobo 2 sikashukela. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibolekayo nazo ziyavunyelwa - i-hake, pollock. Ngesinye isikhathi, inyama yenkomo ebunjiwe ingadliwa. Kepha lokhu kuyinto ehlukile kunokomthetho.
Kufanelekile ukulahla imifino nezithelo ezinjalo:
- ama-beet;
- amazambane
- izaqathe;
- izindle;
- ubhanana
- ama-aphula abomvu
- amagilebhisi.
Noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi ungapheka izaqathe namazambane, kepha awukwazi ukwenza amazambane abunjiwe kuwo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela zokupheka lapho le imifino ihlutshelwa izingcezu.
Khetha amazambane asencane - inenkomba ye-glycemic izikhathi eziningi ezincane. Ngaphambi kokupheka, ama-tubers kufanele afakwe emanzini abandayo ubusuku bonke, ukuze isitashi esithe xaxa siphume.
I-Porridge ilungiselelwe ngaphandle kokufaka ibhotela, kuvunyelwe ukungeza isipuni samafutha omnqumo esitsheni esiseceleni. Ngemuva kokudla noma yiliphi iphalishi, awukwazi ukuyiphuza ngemikhiqizo yobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi olumuncu.
Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa, abanesifo sikashukela banerayisi emhlophe, ine-index ephezulu ye-glycemic. Ingafakwa esikhundleni selayisi (brown) elayisi, elingafani nokunambitheka njengokujwayelekile, kepha lipheka cishe imizuzu engama-35 futhi linenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
Ungacabangi, uma owesifazane, ngokwesibonelo, eneminyaka engu-48, ukuthi lesi yisikhathi sokukhohlwa ngokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ukuzivocavoca okhethwe kahle kuzosiza ekulweni noshukela wegazi ophezulu. Izinketho ezinhle kungaba:
- ukubhukuda
- Ukuhamba
- uhamba emoyeni omusha.
Kuyadingeka ukubandakanyeka nsuku zonke, hhayi ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-45. Kuhle uma isiguli sishintsha eminye yalezi zivivinyo. Lokhu ngeke nje kube nomphumela wokwelapha olapha ekulweni nesifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi kuzoqinisa izicubu nesistimu yenhliziyo. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izoqhubeka nesihloko sokuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela.
