Umdlavuza we-pancreatic ubamba ngokuzethemba esinye sezikhundla eziphezulu ngenani lamacala alesi sifo phakathi kwamanye ama-oncological pathologies.
Lesi sifo sinezigaba eziningana zokukhula (ngokwanda komtholampilo) - isigaba 1, 2, 3, 4.
Yini ebonakala kulezi zigaba, yini amathuba okusebenza ngempumelelo, nokuthi isiguli esinomdlavuza we-gland singaphila isikhathi esingakanani - lemibuzo ivame ukuhlukumeza isiguli uqobo nezihlobo zayo nabangane.
Umdlavuza we-pancreatic - hlobo luni lwesifo?
Lolu hlobo lwe-oncological pathology luwohloka olubi lwezicubu zesitho esibamba iqhaza ngokushesha ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zokufihlwa:
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-pancreatic (wokugaya);
- ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone anezinkomba ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, okuyiwona mgomo wokulawula umsoco we-carbohydrate metabolism.
Umthombo we-neoplasm enobungozi kungaba isicubu esiswini esikhiqiza ujusi we-pancreatic, noma izakhiwo ezisezinqabeni zeLangerhans ezingaba ukuqala kwesimila:
- ama-insulinomas;
- glucagonomas;
- gastrinomas.
I-morphology ye-neoplasms enobungozi nayo ihlukahlukene.
Lezi izinhlobo zomdlavuza:
- i-acinar;
- glandular squamous;
- squamous;
- ngokungafani (kuyingozi kakhulu).
Indlala efanayo ingakhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-carcinomas:
- i-ductal adenocarcinoma;
- i-giant cell adenocarcinoma;
- mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
Ngokwasendaweni, umdlavuza uyahlukaniswa:
- umsila;
- amakhanda;
- izindlala zomzimba.
Isikhathi kusuka kuzimpawu zokuqala ukuya ekufeni
Ngokuya ngezimo nangendlela yokuphila yesiguli (esebenzayo noma ehlala phansi), ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokulutha okulimazayo, ifa kanye nokuba khona kwezifo ezihambisanayo (ngisho nesimo sengqondo somuntu: ithemba noma i-pessimist), lesi sifo sihamba ngejubane elihlukile, sidlula ezigabeni eziningi:
- zero (isigaba-0);
- Nginezigaba ze-IA ne-IB;
- II, lapho izigaba IIA ne-IIB nazo zihlukaniswa khona;
- I-III (preterminal);
- IV (ukuphela, okokugcina noma kokugcina).
Isikhathi esidlulayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo kuye ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokugcina kwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye.
Kunqunywa izinga lokukhula kokuwohloka, indawo yesibeletho se-gland kanye nezinhlaka ezibandakanyekile kwinqubo, umsebenzi lowo onquma isimo sendawo yangaphakathi yomzimba (kusuka ku-pH kuya emsebenzini wohlelo lokuhlangana kwegazi), olunquma isilinganiso sobabili sesifo ngokwaso kanye nezinga le-metastasis ngokunqotshwa kwaseduze, bese kuba nezitho ezikude.
Ngakho-ke, ngokukhula kwesimila esivela epithelium yendawo eyisidumbu, i-Symbomatology izoncika ikakhulukazi ekuthengeni kwemidumba, okunquma izinga lokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla.
Uma kwenzeka kulimala ukwakheka kwezakhi ezisebenza ngama-hormonal, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yomzimba kuzobaluleka kakhulu, ngoba sikhuluma ngezinhlelo ezithutha kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezitho ezikuwo - mayelana nezinzwa zemithambo yezinzwa nezemithambo yegazi.
Ukuba khona kwe-pancreatitis engapheli kanye nesifo sikashukela okuqubuke kuso (futhi ngokwengxenye kube ngumthombo nesimbangela somdlavuza) nakho kuholela ekunciphiseni kwezinga lokungazweli komzimba eliphansi kanye nokuqala kwesimo sokungasebenzi kwesitho.
Isikhathi sesigaba ngasinye salesi sifo sehlukile esigulini ngasinye, njengoba kunesikhathi esabiwe sesifundo sonke leso simo.
Ngokunikezwa kokungabikho kwezimpawu ezibalulekile zomtholampilo esigabeni 0 nesigaba I, isiguli sivame ukungasinaki isikhundla sakhe. Kepha lesi kuphela isikhathi lapho ukuhlinzwa kungaphumelela.
Ukuqalwa kwezigaba ezilandelayo (nesimila esiya ngaphesheya kwe-gland) ngezibonakaliso ezishiwo ngokwengeziwe kugcwala ukwelashwa okungasebenzi kahle noma akusenzi mqondo nhlobo (amasu wokuhlobisa angaholela nje ekunwetshisweni okuncane kwempilo yeziguli).
Ngabe iyelapheka?
Ukuqagela kuya ngesigaba sesifo (indawo yesimila ngaphakathi kwesitho noma ngemuva kwayo, ukubandakanyeka kwezitho ezingomakhelwane kanye nokuba khona kwe-metastases kuzo), indawo lapho kunesimila khona esiswini, isimo sezinhlelo zomzimba kanye negumbi lapho igumbi lokusebenza lisebenza khona.
Lapho kukhona zonke izimo ezinhle zomdlavuza, izinyathelo zingathathwa:
- Esiteji 0 - ngokubuka okuhle kwesimila ngemisebe ye-gamma evunyelwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ku-I - ukungenelela okuhle kakhulu (kungaba nge-excision yalo lonke i-gland, noma kukhawulelwe ku-reseation yayo, noma kusetshenziswa inqubo yeWhipple) nge-radiation therapy.
- Ngezigaba II no-III, imisebenzi yobungcweti ingenziwa ukususa izithiyo ezenziwa ngumthambo ngokwawo noma isigaxa saso nezitho ezingomakhelwane (ukunqoba ukungavinjelwa, ukuthintelwa kwamathumbu), noma izinyathelo zingathathwa ukuze kuthathwe ukugcwala kwesisu namathumbu.
- Esigabeni IV, ngenxa yesimo esibi kakhulu sesiguli, esinomzimba ongakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo omkhulu, kanye ne-metastasis yesimila ezithweni ezikude, ama-oncologists asevele akakwazi ukunikeza isiguli noma yini.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kungenzeka kuphela ku-0 noma ezigabeni zokuqala zesigaba I.
Ividiyo ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic:
Ukusinda ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene
Kunezibalo zamacala anomdlavuza ongabonakali futhi ongabonakali we-gland.
Esigabeni se-0-I ngemuva kokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-prognosis iyathandeka (iphesenti lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lisuka ku-65 liye ku-60), ngokuzayo, ukusinda kunqunywa ngezinga lokuphuma kwe-neoplasm ngale kwe-capule ye-gland ngokuhluma ezithweni eziseduze.
Lapho sesifinyelele kulesisigaba (isigaba II A), ukusinda iminyaka engu-5 kungokoqobo ezingama-52-50% eziguli ezathola ukwelashwa ngokohlelo oluphelele, kwenye inguqulo (ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, kodwa nge-chemo ne-radiotherapy), lesi sibalo asidluli ku-15 12%
Esigabeni III, amathuba okususwa akhona kuma-20% kuphela amacala (ngesilinganiso seminyaka emi-5 sokusinda esingama-41%), uma kungenakwenzeka ukususa izibalo ngokushesha kunikeza isithombe esingu-3%.
Okwesigaba IV, inkomba yokusinda kweminyaka engu-5 njengamanje ayikho - isilinganiso sokuphila seziguli ngaphandle kokwelashwa asidluli izinyanga eziyi-8, nokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe - iminyaka engu-1.5 noma unyaka owodwa. Kodwa noma emitholampilo ehamba phambili ye-oncology yomhlaba enokutholakala komdlavuza, le nkomba ayidluli kwe-16%.
Ukuze uthole i-neoplasm engabonakali, izibalo zesikhathi seminyaka emi-5 sokusinda kwezigaba ze-I-IV yilezi:
- 12-14;
- 5-7;
- cishe 3;
- ngaphansi kwe-1%.
I-Tail Cancer Life Forecast
Ngenxa yokungabikhona kwezimpawu kulokhu ukwenziwa kwale nqubo inqubo, isimila sifinyelela osayizi abangabekezeleleki, ngakho-ke, i-diagnostic iyadumaza.
Ngenxa yesidingo sokwengeza umzimba nomsila we-gland kanye ne-gall bladder and spleen (okwandisa ukwanda kokutheleleka kwezifo kaningi) lapho wenza ukungenelela kuhlangene ne-chemotherapy, isikhathi sokuphila asidluli ezinyangeni eziyi-12-10, kanti amaphesenti okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ahluka phakathi kuka-8 no-5.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva:
Amahora wokugcina
Zimboziwe zabanakekeli nezihlobo ngokubakhona kwesithombe sesiguli sobuhlanya ngokumelene nesizinda sokudangala ngokweqile (komdlavuza). Ukunyakaza okuzimele akunakwenzeka, isiguli futhi asinasifiso sokuhlala embhedeni (ngosizo lwangaphandle).
Ngaphezu kokuxinwa ngokweqile, i-pallor enesimo esijulile se-sclera nesikhumba, kunezimpawu zokushintsha okukhulu kwe-psyche - kungenzeka ukuthi isesimweni sokudangala okujulile ngokuhoxa ngaphakathi, noma ivezwa ngokumangalelwa okunamandla kwakho konke nakho konke okusesimweni sokuphelelwa yithemba.
Lesi sithombe siphinda sibhebhetheka ngokwanda kobuso (ngokulimala kobuchopho), iphunga lokuwohloka okuvela emlonyeni wesiguli, izwi lamakhala, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, nemizamo yokukhonkotha imisiwe ngenxa yokukhwehlela komile okuholela ku-hemoptysis.
Izinsini ziyachitheka, umbala kanye nokwakheka kolimi kuyashintshwa, ukuphefumula kawuvimbi yize usesimweni sokungasebenzi ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlanekezelwa ukunambitheka esigabeni esibulalayo kufakwa esikhundleni sokunganaki okuphelele kokudla, ukuwohloka kwemizwa yokunambitheka nephunga.
Esikhundleni se-supine, i-spleen enwetshiwe nesibindi zibonakala ngokucacile, izimpawu ze-ascites ziyabonakala, futhi imfihlo ye-biological ithola umbala othize: umchamo uthola isici sombala webhiya, izindle zibukeka njengobumba olumhlophe.
Esigabeni sokugcina, ukungasiza ngokuphelele kanye nokungenakwenzeka kokuzinakekela okulula kakhulu kuyeza, kuyilapho ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokuhluleka kwezitho eziningi (isibindi, izinso nenhliziyo).
