Ukubuka konke kwezinhlobo eziphambili ze-insulin nokuhlukaniswa kwazo

I-insulin ingelinye lama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, njengoba ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, elawula ukwakheka kwegazi, okuyisilinganiso soshukela (ushukela) osheshayo.

I-hormone ikhiqizwa ngamaseli atholakala kumanyikwe. Uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka lesi sitho egazini, izinga likashukela likhuphuka kakhulu bese kuba nesifo esiyingozi njenge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.

Lesi sifo siphoqa umuntu ukuthi avumelanise indlela adla ngayo futhi asebenzise ukwelashwa kokulungiswa njalo.

Ukushoda kwe-hormone ekhiqizwayo, echitha ushukela osheshayo endaweni yegazi, kwenziwa ngosizo lokufaka esikhundleni somuthi, kuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-insulin elabhorethri.

Izinhlobo zama-hormone nokuhluka kwazo

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siphoqa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin eyenziwe. I-hormone ngayinye yokuzala inezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye. Ngenxa yalezi zici, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhethe umuthi wezimpawu zomzimba womuntu othize, kepha izinto ezinjalo ngokuvamile aziguquki.

Umuthi ngamunye wehluka ngezimpawu zawo esikhathini somphumela wawo emzimbeni kanye neziqongo zomsebenzi. Uchwepheshe onekhono kuphela (udokotela) ongakhetha inketho engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa kwesondlo kwesiguli, ngokubheka kobunzima besifo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hormone:

1. I-insulin, eyayitholakala kuma-pancreas ezinkomo zobisi (izinkomo, izinkunzi). Inama-asidi ama-amino ama-3 amanye angekho ku-hormone yomuntu, ngakho-ke lesi sidakamizwa singadala ukungahambi kahle okuthile.
2. Imithi esekwe endle yezingulube. Ukwakheka kwabo kwe-biochemical kusondele kakhulu kuma-hormone esintu, ngaphandle komehluko kwe-amino acid eyodwa kuphela kusuka kwiprotheni.
3. Uhlobo oluyivelakancane lwama-hormone whale, lunokuhlukahluka okukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokuqhathaniswa ne-insulin yomuntu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ezimweni ezingandile.
4. Uhlobo olufanele kunazo zonke lwehomoni lususelwa kumuntu. Le analogue yenziwa nge-Escherichia coli yangempela (amaseli we-insulin yangempela yabantu) noma ngokuguqulwa kofuzo konjiniyela we-porcine hormone (kufakwa “i-amino acid engafanele”).

Isikhathi sokudalulwa sohlobo ngalunye lwesidakamizwa singamuntu ngamunye, ngakho-ke ukukhetha okulungile kwe-synthesised hormone kubaluleke kakhulu esigulini ngasinye.

Ngokwesikhathi somuthi, zihlukaniswe:

1. Isenzo esisheshayo (iDemo ephakeme). Umuthi uqala ukusebenza ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-15-30 bese ufinyelela umphumela wawo omkhulu emahoreni angama-2-3, uthatha amahora angama-6. Faka isicelo se-insulin ngaphambi kokudla, endaweni ethile ngemizuzu engama-30, uyibambe ngenani elincane lokudla okukhanyayo.
2. Isenzo esisheshayo (elula). Inomphumela osheshayo, owenzeka ngemuva kwehora. Isikhathi sokuvezwa kwayo sikhawulelwa emahoreni angama-4, futhi sisetshenziswa ngokushesha ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla.
3. Isikhathi esiphakathi Isenzo somuthi siqala ihora ngemuva kokuphatha, futhi umphumela omkhulu wenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-5-9 bese uthatha amahora angama-19 ngokulandelana. Imvamisa, isiguli sithatha imijovo eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa ngoba sibambezeleka isikhathi eside ekuvezweni kwalo muthi.
4. Ukwenza into ende. Inesikhathi sokuvezwa kufinyelela emahoreni angama-27. Iqala isenzo sayo ngemuva kwamahora ama-4, ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu kwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora angama-7-17.

Izidakamizwa zokubamba ezimfishane

Lesi sigaba sama-hormone sifaka izidakamizwa ze-ultrashort kanye nama-insulin amafushane.

Ama-hormone e-Ultrashort anomthelela osheshayo futhi anciphise ushukela ngokushesha. Bathathwa ngaphambi kokudla.

Imikhiqizo esemqoka yalolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa ifaka:

1. Isi-Humalogue. Kusetshenziselwa: thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1, ukungakwazi ukubekezelela izidakamizwa ezifanayo, ukumelana nokuqina kwe-insulin kanye nesifo sohlobo 2 (ezimweni lapho ezinye izidakamizwa zingenamphumela oyifunayo).
2. I-NovoRapid. Kutholakala esitsheni esinevolumu engu-3 ml, ehambelana nokuqukethwe amayunithi angama-300 e-hormone. Sengasetshenziswa abesifazane abakhulelwe.
3. I-Apidra. Isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha, zombili ngabantu abadala kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6, isebenzisa uhlelo olususelwa kumpompo noma umzila wokuphatha osendleleni.

Ama-insulin amafushane aqala ukusebenza ngesigamu sehora futhi asebenza amahora angama-6. Zisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuqala isidlo ngemizuzu engama-20. Zingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside.

Abamele abaphambili yilaba:

1. I-Actrapid NM. I-insulin etholakala embonini yezobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ingeniswa ngomjovo ongabonakali noma ngethambo. Ikhishwa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngencwadi kadokotela odlulayo.
2. Humodar R. Umuthi usezingeni elenziwe ngamakhemikhali.
3. Humulin Njalo. Kusetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlonza lesi sifo, kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe.
4. I-Monodar. Isetshenziselwa izigaba zesifo sikashukela mellitus 1 no-2.

Zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezisekela ama-hormone asetshenziswa ngaphambi kokudla, njengoba inqubo yokugaya isiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokufaka umuthi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-hormone we-ultrafast kanye nezinyathelo ezisheshayo avumelekile ukuthi athathwe ngomlomo, ngemuva kokuziletha esimweni sewuketshezi.

Esimweni sokuphathwa ngendlela engasho lutho komuthi, inqubo enjalo akufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kwengxenye yehora ngaphambi kokudla. Imishanguzo yomuthi wesiguli ngasinye iwumuntu ngamunye futhi inqunywa kuphela ngudokotela oya kuye. Imithamo yabantu abadala ingaqala kusuka kumayunithi angama-8 kuye kwangama-23 ngosuku, nasezinganeni - akukho ngaphezu kweziyunithi eziyi-9.

Ama-hormone ahlanganisiwe agcina izakhiwo zawo emazingeni okushisa ukusuka kuma-2 kuye ku-8 degrees, ngakho-ke zivame ukugcinwa esiqandisini.

Imithi

Lolu hlobo lomuthi lunethonya elide.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi:

• ngokwesisekelo samaseli womuntu (ukwakheka kwawo), njenge: Protafan, Homolong, njll;
• ngokwesilwane, isibonelo: Berlsulin, Iletin 2 nabanye.

Ama-insulin aphakathi nendawo asebenza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engu-15 ngemuva kokungenwa, kepha umphumela wokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kutholakala ngemuva kwesikhathi esibalulekile.

Leli qembu lezidakamizwa liqukethe izinto ngesisekelo esisebenzayo esihlukile, isibonelo, i-zinc ne-isophan.

Ukwenza into ende

Izidakamizwa ezikulesi sigaba zisebenza emzimbeni wesiguli usuku noma ngaphezulu. Lonke uhla lwezidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside zenziwa ngesisekelo samakhemikhali ekhemikhali, anquma izinkomba ezinjalo zokuvezwa isikhathi eside.

Ama-insulin "amade" asiza ukubambezela ukufakwa kweshukela egazini futhi kungakhipha ukusebenza kwawo kuze kube ngamahora angama-30 ngokulandelana.

Imikhiqizo edume kakhulu ifaka:

• ethandwa kakhulu: Determid, Glargin (amazinga aphansi kashukela);
• ayikho imikhiqizo engaphansi kwejwayelekile: I-Ultralente-Iletin-1, i-Ultralgon, i-Ultratard.

Ukuze uqede ngokuphelele ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi engafuneki, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe ozokusiza ekutholeni umthamo wezidakamizwa osuselwe kumingcele yokuhlaziya.

Ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside alawulwa kuphela ngomjovo.

Imodi yokubeka yazo zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa kule ndlela iyafana. Ama-Ampoules anomuthi nawo angagcinwa esiqandisini. Kusezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kuphela lapho imithi ingekho ukuthambekela ekwakhiweni kwama-granules noma ama-flakes.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamadigri wokuhlanza

Umuthi osebenzayo we-hormonal wenzelwe izidingo ezahlukahlukene. Umkhiqizo wokugcina utholakala kusetshenziswa amabanga wokuzihlanza ahlukahlukene.

Ithebula lamadigri wokuhlanzwa kwehomoni:

Inkulumo yevidiyo ngezinhlobo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-hormone:

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-insulin emfushane neyinde

Izici ezihlukile ze-insulin esebenza ngokufishane:

• umuthi uthathwa isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla;
• ukuqala kokuqala okusheshayo, kufakwa esifundeni esingaphansi esiswini ngomjovo;
• umjovo womuthi kumele uhambisane nokudla okunye ukuze ukhiphe amathuba okuba nesifo esinjenge-hypoglycemia.

Izici ezihlukile zehomoni esebenza isikhathi eside:

• lolu hlobo lwezidakamizwa luphathwa ngesikhathi esithile (njalo ngamahora afanayo ekuseni noma kusihlwa). Umjovo wasekuseni kufanele wenziwe ngokuhambisana nomjovo we-insulin esheshayo;
• ukufakwa okubambezelayo komuthi egazini, injekishini yenziwa ethangeni lomlenze;
• lolu hlobo lwama-hormone aluncike esimisweni sokudla.

Ezintweni ezingenhla zohlobo ngalunye lomuthi, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukukhethwa kwe-insulin efanele, umthamo wayo nendlela engena ngayo emzimbeni kuncike ezicini eziningi.

Ukunquma inkambo ephephile yokwelashwa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho.